Zircon U-Pb Ages, Hf Isotopes and Geochemistry of Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in Baiyin Group, Eastern North Qilian
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摘要: 白银厂矿田的含矿岩系白银岩群位于北祁连造山带东南缘，为了揭示该火山岩系的形成时代、成因及其构造环境，运用岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学等分析测试方法对其进行了系统的研究.白银岩群中石英角斑岩和流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为473.0±1.7 Ma和473.9±2.1 Ma，表明白银岩群火山岩形成于早奥陶世.玄武岩具有高Al2O3、低K2O、TiO2和P2O5特征，属亚碱性低钾拉斑系列；流纹岩SiO2含量（> 70%）较高，FeOT/MgO比值（2.44~2.80）与稀土元素含量较低（32.1×10-6~44.3×10-6），显示湿冷氧化性流纹岩特征.玄武岩与流纹岩不相容元素Ba、Th、U等相对富集，高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti明显亏损，Eu负异常不明显（δEu=0.76~0.92），显示岛弧岩浆特征.流纹岩锆石εHf（t）值变化于-4.14~14.78，二阶段模式年龄为1 707~505 Ma.上述结果表明白银岩群玄武岩是受俯冲流体改造的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物，并在岩浆上升过程中受到地壳混染；流纹岩与玄武岩具有不同的岩浆来源，其主要来自地壳物质的部分熔融，并混入了少量幔源物质.白银岩群双峰式火山岩形成于岛弧向弧后盆地过渡的环境，是早奥陶世北祁连洋向北俯冲的产物.Abstract: The Baiyin Group, which is the ore-hosted strata in Baiyin ore field, is located at the southeast of North Qilian. The research of isotope chronology, petrology and whole-rock geochemistry was carried out on the bimodal volcanic rocks to reveal their ages, petrogenesis and forming environment. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the group age of the rhyolites are 473.0±1.7 Ma and 473.9±2.1 Ma (206Pb/238U ages), and it can be confirmed that the rhyolite suite formed during the Early Ordovician. The basalt samples, which are regarded as the low-K sub-alkaline tholeiitic series, have geochemical characteristics including high Al2O3, low K2O, TiO2 and P2O5. The rhyolitic rocks (SiO2 > 70%), which belong to cold-wet-oxidized rhyolite, exhibit low FeOT/MgO values (2.44-2.80) and total REE content. With enrichment in incompatible element (Ba, Th, U), obvious negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Ti and no obvious Eu anomalies (δEu=0.76-0.92), the bimodal volcanic rocks show the geochemical features of island arc magma. The rhyolite zircon εHf(t) values range from -4.14 to 14.78 with Hf Model ages (tDM2) varying from 1 707 Ma to 505 Ma. These features can be concluded that the basalt derived from partial melting of depleted mantle under the effect of subduction fluids and crustal contamination. Meanwhile, the rhyolite may be derived from partial melting of crustal material with a small amount of mantle-derived magma, therefore they are not comagma. The petrology and geochemical information of bimodal volcanic rocks from Baiyin Group indicate they formed in transitional environment from island arc to back-arc basin when northward subduction happened in Early Ordovician.
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Key words:
- Baiyin Group /
- bimodal volcanic rocks /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- Lu-Hf isotopes /
- North Qilian /
- petrology
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图 1 中国大地构造格架简图(a)与祁连山地质略图(兼示北祁连地区早古生代主要花岗岩位置及其年龄)(b)(据夏林圻等, 2016)
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of China (a) and geological sketch map of the Qilian Mountain with localities of major Early Caledonian granites and their ages (b) (after Xia et al., 2016)
图 2 白银研究区地质简图及采样位置
据甘肃地质调查院, 2003; 1∶25万兰州市幅区调说明书
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Baiyin area and sample locations
图 3 白银地区A-A’实测剖面及采样位置
Fig. 3. Geological cross-section with sample locations in Baiyin area
图 4 白银岩群火山岩野外露头与镜下照片
a.灰黄色石英角斑岩；b.浅肉红色酸性火山岩夹灰绿色基性火山岩；c.灰绿色玄武岩中劈理发育；d.石英角斑岩的显微照片；e.浅肉红色流纹岩的显微照片；f.灰绿色玄武岩的显微照片. 矿物缩写：Chl.绿泥石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英；Ser.云母
Fig. 4. Outcrop and micrographs of volcanic rocks from the Baiyin Group
图 5 白银岩群火山岩样品代表性锆石CL图像（a、c）（白色圈为U-Pb测试点位，红色圈为U-Pb-Hf联机测试点位）及锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图（b、d）
Fig. 5. CL image of representative zircons (a, c) (the white circles indicate the spots of U-Pb dating and the red circles indicate the spots of U-Pb-Hf analyses) and U-Pb concordia diagrams for zircons from the volcanics in Baiyin Group (b, d)
图 6 流纹岩锆石Hf同位素图解（a）、εHf(t)值直方图（b）和Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄直方图（c）
Fig. 6. Plots of the zircon εHf(t) values vs. age (a), and histograms of εHf(t) values (b) and Hf model ages (c) of zircons for the rhyolite
图 7 白银岩群火山岩岩石地球化学分类判别图解
a.TAS图解（据Irvine et al.，1971）；b. Nb/Y vs. SiO2图解（据Winchester et al.，1977）；c.SiO2 vs. K2O图解（据Peccerillo et al.，1976）；d. A/NK vs. A/CNK图解（据Maniar et al.，1989）
Fig. 7. Geochemical classification diagrams for volcanics in Baiyin Group
图 8 白银岩群火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图（a、c）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b、d）
图a、b中OIB、E-MORB、N-MORB数据来源于Sun and McDonough（1989），IAB数据来源于Turner et al.（2003）；图b中阴影表示弧亚碱性玄武岩（据Tatsumi et al.，1995）和白银岛弧裂谷玄武岩（据夏林圻等，2016）；图c中阴影表示干热流纹岩和湿冷流纹岩（据Bachmann and Bergantz, 2008）
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c) and primitive mantle-normalized trace multi-element patterns (b, d) for the volcanics in Baiyin Group
图 9 玄武岩微量元素构造判别图解（据Wood, 1980; Pearce et al., 1982; Meschede, 1986）
Fig. 9. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of the basalts (after Wood, 1980; Pearce et al., 1982; Meschede, 1986)
表 1 白银岩群火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年数据
Table 1. Zircons LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating data for volcanics from the Baiyin Group
测点号 含量（10-6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） U Th 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 20BY01石英角斑岩 1 387.7 405.4 0.96 0.056 90 0.004 2 0.593 79 0.042 3 0.075 74 0.001 5 487.1 154.7 473.3 27.0 470.7 8.8 2 93.7 172.2 0.54 0.055 51 0.002 8 0.581 36 0.028 3 0.076 01 0.001 1 432.6 107.7 465.3 18.2 472.3 6.5 3 71.5 154.2 0.46 0.054 95 0.002 2 0.578 87 0.022 8 0.076 47 0.000 9 410.0 88.2 463.7 14.7 475.0 5.6 4 44.0 135.0 0.33 0.056 58 0.004 0 0.591 86 0.040 2 0.075 92 0.001 4 474.5 148.4 472.1 25.7 471.7 8.5 5 90.6 218.1 0.42 0.055 46 0.004 3 0.585 41 0.044 3 0.076 62 0.001 6 430.5 164.5 467.9 28.4 475.9 9.3 6 32.5 64.2 0.51 0.056 75 0.004 9 0.593 70 0.050 1 0.075 94 0.001 7 481.0 181.7 473.2 31.9 471.8 10.2 7 114.0 214.5 0.53 0.056 92 0.002 4 0.601 15 0.024 3 0.076 65 0.001 0 487.7 90.4 478.0 15.4 476.1 5.8 8 60.9 171.6 0.36 0.055 14 0.002 9 0.575 27 0.029 6 0.075 72 0.001 1 417.6 113.8 461.4 19.1 470.5 6.6 9 68.7 139.3 0.49 0.055 47 0.003 5 0.582 00 0.035 7 0.076 15 0.001 3 430.8 135.0 465.7 22.9 473.1 7.7 10 31.5 79.6 0.40 0.057 03 0.006 0 0.601 92 0.062 1 0.076 60 0.002 1 492.0 218.4 478.4 39.3 475.8 12.3 11 54.6 128.0 0.43 0.055 96 0.002 8 0.590 95 0.029 1 0.076 64 0.001 1 450.3 109.4 471.5 18.6 476.0 6.6 12 177.8 264.1 0.67 0.056 53 0.001 9 0.600 11 0.019 1 0.077 04 0.000 8 472.5 72.3 477.3 12.1 478.4 5.0 13 333.1 476.6 0.70 0.058 37 0.002 0 0.618 77 0.020 5 0.076 93 0.000 9 543.5 73.6 489.1 12.9 477.8 5.2 14 171.9 234.7 0.73 0.056 62 0.003 1 0.592 43 0.031 1 0.075 93 0.001 1 475.9 116.0 472.4 19.8 471.8 6.8 15 38.8 111.2 0.35 0.056 69 0.004 1 0.594 08 0.041 4 0.076 03 0.001 4 478.9 151.5 473.5 26.3 472.4 8.6 16 77.1 142.5 0.54 0.056 94 0.003 7 0.598 52 0.037 9 0.076 27 0.001 3 488.4 138.2 476.3 24.1 473.8 8.0 17 119.5 193.9 0.62 0.057 11 0.002 4 0.602 10 0.024 9 0.076 49 0.001 0 495.3 92.0 478.6 15.8 475.1 5.8 18 37.8 111.3 0.34 0.056 98 0.003 9 0.597 15 0.039 4 0.076 03 0.001 4 489.9 143.7 475.4 25.1 472.4 8.1 19 52.4 118.5 0.44 0.058 51 0.004 3 0.610 66 0.043 3 0.075 71 0.001 5 549.0 151.6 484.0 27.3 470.5 8.7 20 50.4 120.9 0.42 0.057 76 0.003 4 0.606 38 0.034 1 0.076 15 0.001 2 520.6 122.6 481.3 21.6 473.1 7.3 21 72.6 145.5 0.50 0.057 42 0.003 3 0.598 16 0.033 5 0.075 56 0.001 2 507.4 122.6 476.1 21.3 469.6 7.2 22 82.2 161.6 0.51 0.057 07 0.002 6 0.598 27 0.026 8 0.076 04 0.001 0 493.7 99.7 476.1 17.0 472.4 6.1 23 62.4 121.3 0.51 0.056 97 0.002 9 0.597 78 0.029 2 0.076 11 0.001 1 489.7 107.8 475.8 18.5 472.9 6.4 24 66.2 157.6 0.42 0.056 26 0.002 8 0.592 68 0.028 7 0.076 41 0.001 1 461.9 107.7 472.6 18.3 474.7 6.4 25 71.6 136.5 0.52 0.055 97 0.003 5 0.589 10 0.036 0 0.076 35 0.001 3 450.7 134.2 470.3 23.0 474.3 7.6 26 42.4 119.5 0.35 0.057 09 0.003 8 0.598 99 0.038 3 0.076 10 0.001 3 494.3 139.3 476.6 24.3 472.8 8.0 27 233.2 293.9 0.79 0.056 14 0.002 1 0.590 62 0.021 5 0.076 30 0.000 9 457.6 81.4 471.3 13.7 474.0 5.4 28 48.2 112.5 0.43 0.056 91 0.006 9 0.595 02 0.070 8 0.075 82 0.002 3 487.5 249.2 474.1 45.0 471.1 13.7 20EDW01流纹岩 1 298.5 172.3 0.58 0.058 39 0.001 7 0.617 87 0.017 0 0.076 67 0.000 8 544.4 61.3 488.5 10.7 476.2 4.8 2 716.2 665.9 0.93 0.057 97 0.001 4 0.614 44 0.014 1 0.076 80 0.000 8 528.2 52.4 486.4 8.9 477.0 4.6 3 469.6 419.5 0.89 0.058 82 0.001 5 0.623 10 0.015 6 0.076 76 0.000 8 560.3 56.0 491.8 9.7 476.8 4.7 4 395.5 326.9 0.83 0.056 63 0.001 9 0.598 38 0.019 6 0.076 58 0.000 9 476.3 74.2 476.2 12.5 475.7 5.2 5 420.1 256.8 0.61 0.056 73 0.001 7 0.599 96 0.017 2 0.076 64 0.000 8 480.4 65.2 477.2 10.9 476.0 4.9 6 401.0 319.2 0.80 0.057 77 0.001 9 0.600 69 0.018 5 0.075 35 0.000 8 520.8 68.9 477.7 11.7 468.3 5.0 7 383.9 280.3 0.73 0.055 79 0.001 4 0.588 75 0.013 7 0.076 48 0.000 8 443.7 53.1 470.1 8.8 475.1 4.5 8 362.2 310.8 0.86 0.057 02 0.001 8 0.600 15 0.018 6 0.076 28 0.000 9 491.7 70.0 477.3 11.8 473.9 5.1 9 686.1 591.2 0.86 0.059 21 0.002 5 0.623 59 0.026 0 0.076 34 0.001 0 574.6 90.8 492.1 16.2 474.2 6.0 10 216.3 158.2 0.73 0.055 32 0.002 2 0.584 49 0.022 5 0.076 57 0.000 9 425.2 86.1 467.3 14.4 475.6 5.6 11 206.5 137.7 0.67 0.056 31 0.002 3 0.593 00 0.023 5 0.076 33 0.001 0 463.6 88.9 472.8 15.0 474.2 5.7 12 399.4 366.0 0.92 0.055 96 0.001 6 0.590 26 0.016 2 0.076 46 0.000 8 450.2 62.0 471.0 10.3 474.9 4.8 13 305.7 247.9 0.81 0.056 56 0.001 7 0.596 42 0.016 9 0.076 43 0.000 8 473.8 64.0 475.0 10.8 474.8 4.9 14 252.3 179.3 0.71 0.056 43 0.002 3 0.584 65 0.022 7 0.075 10 0.000 9 468.4 87.0 467.4 14.5 466.8 5.6 15 141.1 77.1 0.55 0.056 18 0.003 0 0.589 98 0.030 6 0.076 12 0.001 1 458.6 114.9 470.9 19.6 472.9 6.7 16 132.4 44.2 0.33 0.056 18 0.003 5 0.588 37 0.035 6 0.075 91 0.001 3 458.6 132.8 469.8 22.8 471.7 7.5 17 72.0 20.5 0.28 0.056 64 0.003 7 0.588 48 0.037 6 0.075 31 0.001 3 476.7 139.4 469.9 24.0 468.1 7.7 18 343.5 382.0 1.11 0.056 56 0.001 8 0.594 71 0.017 9 0.076 22 0.000 8 473.5 67.7 473.9 11.4 473.5 5.0 19 315.9 238.7 0.76 0.056 56 0.002 5 0.588 12 0.025 5 0.075 37 0.001 0 473.5 96.6 469.7 16.3 468.4 6.0 20 420.8 309.9 0.74 0.056 66 0.002 7 0.594 70 0.027 9 0.076 07 0.001 1 477.7 104.1 473.9 17.8 472.6 6.3 21 78.5 26.2 0.33 0.092 11 0.003 3 3.168 09 0.109 8 0.249 29 0.003 5 1 469.5 67.0 1 449.4 26.8 1 434.8 17.8 22 199.5 171.2 0.86 0.082 43 0.001 6 2.442 09 0.045 3 0.214 74 0.002 1 1 255.7 38.0 1 255.1 13.4 1 254.0 11.2 23 201.7 119.3 0.59 0.056 82 0.002 1 0.595 98 0.021 6 0.076 02 0.000 9 483.9 81.2 474.7 13.7 472.3 5.4 24 267.5 392.2 1.47 0.059 01 0.002 5 0.623 83 0.025 8 0.076 62 0.001 0 567.5 90.2 492.2 16.1 475.9 5.9 25 535.4 52.1 0.10 0.088 66 0.001 3 2.967 47 0.037 9 0.242 59 0.002 2 1 396.7 26.7 1 399.3 9.7 1 400.1 11.4 26 130.3 62.6 0.48 0.056 64 0.003 1 0.596 96 0.031 7 0.076 37 0.001 2 477.0 117.0 475.3 20.2 474.4 6.9 27 321.4 136.1 0.42 0.060 05 0.002 3 0.632 78 0.023 5 0.076 36 0.000 9 605.4 81.0 497.8 14.6 474.4 5.6 28 270.7 210.5 0.78 0.059 11 0.002 1 0.622 97 0.021 7 0.076 36 0.000 9 571.3 76.5 491.7 13.6 474.4 5.4 29 149.7 84.5 0.56 0.058 97 0.003 3 0.622 15 0.033 4 0.076 44 0.001 2 566.2 115.8 491.2 20.9 474.8 7.0 30 534.2 629.7 1.18 0.056 75 0.002 1 0.597 13 0.021 6 0.076 25 0.000 9 481.0 81.0 475.4 13.7 473.7 5.4 
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