Sedimentary Environment and Organic Matter Accumulation of Black Shale in Middle Ordovician Shengping Formation, Northern Guangxi
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摘要: 为了探讨桂北中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩沉积环境与有机质富集的关系，利用有机碳、主量元素、微量元素及碳同位素等地球化学方法，分析了广西北部全州县文桥镇溪水源剖面中奥陶统升坪组黑色页岩的古氧化还原条件、古生产力、热水沉积作用、碎屑注入及水体局限程度等古沉积环境.结果表明：升坪组下段以富泥硅质页岩为主，TOC含量为1.45%~3.04%；上段以硅质页岩为主，TOC含量为0.63%~2.69%.升坪组下段有机质来源为I型干酪根，上段有机质来源除了I型干酪根外，可能还有Ⅱ型干酪根的参与.升坪组沉积时期总体为贫氧‒厌氧的深水陆棚‒盆地相环境.下段富泥硅质页岩中有机质富集为“生产力”和“保存条件”的双控模式；上段硅质页岩中有机质富集为“保存条件”模式.Abstract: In order to discuss the relationship between sedimentary enviroment and organic matter accumulation in black shale of Middle Ordovician Shengping Formation, the Xishuiyuan Section in Wenqiao Town, Quanzhou County, northern Guangxi was chosen. The organic carbon content, kerogen carbon isotope, major and trace elements were analyzed to investigate paleo-redox, paleo-productivity, hydrothermal sedimentation, clastic influx and water limitation of the Middle Ordovician sedimentary environment in the northern Guangxi. The results show that the lower member of Shengping Formation is mainly composed of mud-rich siliceous shale with TOC of 1.45%-3.04%, and the upper member is mainly composed of siliceous shale with TOC of 0.63%-2.69%. The source of organic matter in the lower member of Shengping Formation is mainly type I kerogen, while the source of organic matter in the upper member may be type II kerogen in addition to type I kerogen. The sedimentary period of Shengping Formation in northern Guangxi is a suboxic and anoxic deep-water shelf and basin facies environment. The organic matter accumulation of mud-rich siliceous shale is a dual control pattern of productivity and preservation conditions. The organic matter accumulation of siliceous shale is a preservation condition pattern.
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图 1 中国南方广西及其周缘中奥陶世古地理图
据冯增昭等，2001；张允白等，2002；Chen et al.，2012
Fig. 1. Middle Ordovician paleogeographic map of Guangxi and its surrounding areas in southern China
图 2 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩岩相分类
Fig. 2. Lithofacies classification of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
图 3 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩地球化学参数分布柱状图
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic variation of geochemical parameters of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
图 4 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩Al2O3-SiO2判别图解(底图据Spry，1990)
Fig. 4. Al2O3-SiO2 discrimination diagram of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan (modified from Spry, 1990)
图 5 溪水源剖面升坪组沉积水体局限程度判别
a. Mo-TOC校正关系与现代厌氧海盆对比(底图据Algeo and Rowe, 2012)，TOC校正为恢复后的古TOC值；b. MoEF-UEF协变模式(底图据Algeo and Tribovillard, 2009)，4条虚线分别代表Mo/U比值是海水0.1倍、0.3倍、1倍和3倍
Fig. 5. Discriminating the limitation of sedimentary water body of Shengping Formation at Xishuiyuan
图 6 溪水源剖面升坪组下段和上段页岩部分地球化学参数相关系数
Fig. 6. Correlation coeffidiets among geochemical paramenters of Lower and Upper Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
图 7 升坪组下段(a)和上段(b)有机质富集模式(据冯增昭等，2001；夏鹏等，2020修改)
Fig. 7. Accumulation pattern of organic matter in Lower (a) and Upper (b) Shengping Formation (modified from Feng et al., 2001; Xia et al., 2020)
表 1 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩矿物组成及有机质含量
Table 1. Mineral compositions and TOC content of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
组段 样品编号 岩相 TOC(%) 全岩定量分析(%) 黏土矿物相对含量(%) 黏土 石英 长石 方解石 白云石 菱铁矿 黄铁矿 石膏 硬石膏 K C I I/S 升坪组上段 S14 SS 0.63 9.9 84.4 0.7 - 2.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.4 5 2 50 43 S13 SS 1.83 21.5 74.6 1.7 0.2 - 0.7 0.5 - 0.8 31 2 40 27 S12 SS 0.90 13.2 85.3 0.6 - - 0.3 0.1 - 0.5 S11 SS 2.69 20.7 71.0 2.2 0.3 0.1 1.2 3.1 - 1.2 3 1 53 43 S10 SS 1.35 13.6 82.7 1.0 - - 0.5 1.6 - 0.6 S09 SS 2.06 19.0 74.5 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.8 2.5 - 0.9 15 7 46 32 S08 SS 2.58 22.9 71.5 1.7 0.3 - 0.8 2.0 - 0.8 平均值 1.72 17.3 77.7 1.4 0.12 0.37 0.7 1.6 0.01 0.7 13.5 3 47.3 36.3 升坪组下段 S07 MSS 1.97 41.7 46.1 3.7 - - 1.8 4.5 0.1 1.9 5 3 50 42 S06 MSS 1.56 35.5 44.5 2.9 - - 1.1 14.5 0.1 1.4 S05 MSS 2.33 43.9 45.5 3.5 - - 1.6 3.7 - 1.8 8 13 51 28 S04 MSS 1.45 39.3 51.0 3.5 0.4 - 1.8 2.0 - 2.0 S03 MSS 3.04 26.7 66.6 2.0 - - 1.0 2.8 - 0.9 9 13 48 30 S02 SS 2.99 22.6 66.7 2.4 - 0.1 1.1 5.7 0.2 1.2 S01 MSS 2.73 27.8 60.5 2.5 - - 1.2 6.7 - 1.3 18 1 50 31 平均值 2.30 33.9 54.4 2.9 0.06 0.01 1.4 5.7 0.06 1.5 10 7.5 49.8 32.8 注：SS.硅质页岩；MSS.富泥硅质页岩；K.高岭石；C.绿泥石；I.伊利石；I/S.伊/蒙混层；“-”表示空值. 
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表 2 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩主量元素含量(%)及元素比值
Table 2. Major element contents (%) and element ratios of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
组段 样品编号 岩相 SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O MnO TiO2 P2O5 Ti/Al K/Al Si/Al P/Al×104 Si+Fe+Mn+P Al+Ti+Mg 升坪组上段 S14 SS 77.69 4.58 8.26 0.10 0.98 2.19 0.03 0.04 0.42 0.05 0.050 0.265 9.40 54.54 82.35 9.66 S13 SS 86.44 1.52 5.96 0.05 0.42 1.49 0.03 0.07 0.33 0.03 0.055 0.250 14.49 42.46 88.05 6.71 S12 SS 85.81 0.77 7.03 0.01 0.46 1.64 0.02 0.04 0.36 0.02 0.051 0.233 12.20 33.68 86.65 7.86 S11 SS 76.40 1.95 10.27 0.01 0.71 3.35 0.06 0.03 0.45 0.03 0.044 0.326 7.44 32.49 78.42 11.43 S10 SS 91.65 1.66 2.88 0.02 0.27 0.86 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.043 0.299 31.81 60.24 93.40 3.27 S09 SS 86.22 1.77 6.00 0.02 0.56 1.88 0.03 0.03 0.25 0.03 0.042 0.313 14.36 56.15 88.05 6.81 S08 SS 86.31 1.31 5.58 0.02 0.42 1.50 0.03 0.05 0.25 0.02 0.045 0.269 15.46 39.90 87.69 6.25 平均值 84.36 1.94 6.57 0.03 0.54 1.84 0.03 0.04 0.31 0.03 0.047 0.279 15.03 45.64 86.37 7.43 升坪组下段 S07 MSS 66.10 2.70 16.92 0.01 1.11 5.41 0.09 0.03 0.85 0.04 0.050 0.320 3.91 22.77 68.86 18.87 S06 MSS 62.37 8.49 13.68 0.02 1.35 3.97 0.05 0.02 0.62 0.07 0.045 0.290 4.56 52.55 70.96 15.65 S05 MSS 63.82 7.85 13.49 0.03 2.17 3.39 0.05 0.04 0.68 0.11 0.051 0.251 4.73 82.42 71.83 16.34 S04 MSS 70.15 3.46 13.72 0.01 0.97 4.43 0.08 0.02 0.62 0.03 0.045 0.323 5.11 24.72 73.67 15.31 S03 MSS 68.03 4.17 13.56 0.03 1.90 3.45 0.05 0.03 0.65 0.08 0.048 0.254 5.02 55.46 72.31 16.11 S02 SS 80.39 3.68 7.07 0.07 0.51 2.13 0.03 0.03 0.30 0.06 0.042 0.301 11.37 91.11 84.17 7.88 S01 MSS 79.21 1.78 9.53 0.02 0.70 2.94 0.05 0.03 0.44 0.02 0.046 0.308 8.31 24.66 81.04 10.68 平均值 70.01 4.59 12.57 0.03 1.24 3.68 0.06 0.03 0.59 0.06 0.047 0.293 6.14 50.53 74.69 14.41 总平均值 77.19 3.26 9.57 0.03 0.89 2.76 0.04 0.04 0.45 0.04 0.047 0.286 10.58 48.08 80.53 10.92 北美页岩 64.80 7.18 16.90 3.56 2.85 3.99 1.15 0.06 0.78 0.11 地壳 66.62 5.04 15.40 3.59 0.10 2.80 3.27 0.10 0.64 0.15 注：SS.硅质页岩；MSS.富泥硅质页岩；北美页岩数据引自 Gromet et al.(1984) ；地壳数据引自Rudnick and Gao (2004).
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表 3 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩微量元素含量(10-6)及元素比值
Table 3. Trace element contents (10-6) and element ratios of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
组段 样品编号 岩相 V Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Zr Mo Ba Pb Th U V/(V+Ni) V/Cr Ni/Co U/Th Sr/Ba Mo/TOC 升坪组上段 S14 SS 85.62 41.55 6.41 20.43 28.51 54.72 52.65 50.10 31.29 5.26 435.05 9.92 4.95 1.98 0.81 2.06 3.19 0.40 0.12 8.31 S13 SS 31.63 22.97 0.66 3.67 4.33 31.74 16.43 16.58 20.05 2.15 179.36 4.03 1.59 0.73 0.90 1.38 5.58 0.46 0.09 1.18 S12 SS 18.92 49.31 0.44 9.31 2.64 3.05 14.07 7.75 4.32 0.59 98.99 2.52 0.94 0.37 0.67 0.38 21.16 0.40 0.08 0.65 S11 SS 18.05 6.78 0.35 3.72 1.17 20.15 8.44 7.30 3.67 1.39 44.32 0.89 0.47 0.34 0.83 2.66 10.52 0.71 0.16 0.52 S10 SS 5.19 6.53 0.25 2.42 1.53 1.86 2.60 2.33 1.51 0.44 45.07 0.77 0.19 0.13 0.68 0.79 9.63 0.65 0.05 0.33 S09 SS 23.39 7.91 0.34 3.82 1.69 4.44 6.39 5.63 3.21 1.26 57.71 0.96 0.61 0.63 0.86 2.96 11.33 1.03 0.10 0.61 S08 SS 20.78 12.83 0.30 5.66 35.35 2.40 10.35 9.12 6.03 1.28 96.19 2.07 0.78 0.60 0.79 1.62 18.86 0.76 0.09 0.49 平均值 29.08 21.13 1.25 7.00 10.75 16.91 15.85 14.11 10.01 1.77 136.67 3.02 1.36 0.68 0.79 1.69 11.47 0.63 0.10 1.73 升坪组下段 S07 MSS 9.78 14.68 0.28 3.41 1.06 0.80 8.31 7.39 5.92 0.91 40.54 2.29 0.63 0.38 0.74 0.67 12.17 0.60 0.18 0.46 S06 MSS 34.68 9.50 3.17 7.26 6.33 4.67 29.67 29.72 20.85 6.29 173.13 11.68 3.67 2.21 0.83 3.65 2.29 0.60 0.17 4.03 S05 MSS 24.90 14.84 3.25 13.09 9.73 9.62 25.84 20.28 38.55 6.12 163.07 7.28 4.50 3.20 0.66 1.68 4.03 0.71 0.12 2.63 S04 MSS 9.15 8.65 0.73 2.71 2.12 0.98 10.55 9.53 5.62 1.41 60.06 2.32 1.06 0.34 0.77 1.06 3.72 0.32 0.16 0.98 S03 MSS 75.29 20.10 1.63 10.82 26.76 10.22 21.17 23.70 19.96 2.74 141.33 2.26 3.16 2.37 0.87 3.75 6.64 0.75 0.17 0.90 S02 SS 71.28 50.44 2.94 29.02 9.67 22.62 17.93 17.24 9.59 8.17 174.11 5.18 2.35 3.17 0.71 1.41 9.87 1.35 0.10 2.74 S01 MSS 26.59 7.94 0.25 3.28 1.42 3.62 9.10 8.60 5.57 2.32 61.94 1.60 0.60 0.46 0.89 3.35 13.12 0.76 0.14 0.85 平均值 35.95 18.02 1.75 9.94 8.15 7.50 17.51 16.64 15.15 3.99 116.31 4.66 2.28 1.73 0.78 2.22 7.41 0.73 0.15 1.80 总平均值 32.52 19.57 1.50 8.47 9.45 12.21 16.68 15.37 12.58 2.88 126.49 3.84 1.82 1.21 0.79 1.96 9.44 0.68 0.12 1.76 北美页岩 97.00 92.00 17.30 47.00 28.00 67.00 84.00 320.0 193.0 1.10 624.00 17.00 10.5 2.70 地壳 130.0 124.5 25.70 58.00 45.00 95.00 125.0 142.0 20.00 2.60 636.00 20.00 12.3 2.66 注：SS.硅质页岩；MSS.富泥硅质页岩；北美页岩数据引自 Gromet et al.(1984) ；地壳数据引自Rudnick and Gao (2004).
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表 4 溪水源剖面升坪组页岩干酪根有机碳同位素
Table 4. Organic carbon isotope of kerogen of Shengping Shale at Xishuiyuan
组段 样品编号 岩相 δ13Corg(‰) 升坪组上段 S14 SS ‒28.8 S09 SS ‒30.0 平均值 ‒29.4 升坪组下段 S05 MSS ‒30.0 S03 MSS ‒30.5 S01 MSS ‒30.4 平均值 ‒30.3 总平均值 ‒29.94 注：SS.硅质页岩；MSS.富泥硅质页岩.
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