Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristics and Controlling Mechanism of Strike-Slip Faults in Jinghe Oilfield, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 近年来，泾河油田围绕走滑断裂带断缝体油藏勘探取得重要突破，揭示了新的油气勘探领域.深入理解走滑断裂带油气成藏特征及控藏机制则是厘定断缝体型油藏富集规律的重要前提.利用流体包裹体技术结合方解石超低浓度U-Pb定年对储层成岩作用和油气充注过程进行了系统研究，探讨了走滑断裂带油气分布特征及控制因素.结果表明：研究区储层主要发育两期早期方解石胶结（185±27 Ma和159±52 Ma）以及相对较晚的橙黄色、蓝绿色和蓝色荧光三期油连续充注（140.1~96.8 Ma），具有“先致密、后成藏”的特征.走向上，走滑断裂带原油物性具有“东低西高”、产量具有“东高西低”、油气成藏时间均具有“东早西晚”的分段特点；垂向上，走滑断裂带流体活动也存在明显差异，长6、长7段储层碳酸盐胶结作用较弱，以蓝绿色和蓝色荧光晚期油充注为主；而长8段碳酸岩盐胶结作用较强，表现为三期油充注、多期油成藏的特征.总体上，走滑断裂控制了研究区油气整体由东向西高效侧向运移，但由于走向上构造应力的变化局部控制了油气沿走滑断裂带分段差异富集（单井产量高低）.长6-长7储层原始物性差以及长7段大套泥页岩的发育，限制了走滑断裂垂向流体输导能力，导致流体主要在长8段优势聚集，分层差异富集.研究结果可为进一步明确研究区的断缝体油藏的分布规律及成藏模式提供重要支撑.Abstract: In recent years, Jinghe oilfield has made important breakthroughs in the exploration of fault-fracture body reservoirs around strike-slip fault zones, revealing new fields for hydrocarbon exploration. Deeply understanding of the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation and control mechanism in strike-slip fault zone is an important prerequisite for determining the enrichment model of fault-fracture type reservoirs. In this paper, reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging process have been systematically studied using fluid inclusion technique and calcite ultra-low concentration U-Pb dating and the hydrocarbon distribution characteristics and controlling factors in strike-slip fault zones are also discussed. The results show that there are mainly two stages of early calcite cementation (185±27 Ma and 159±52 Ma, respectively) and the relatively late stage of orange-yellow, blue-green and blue fluorescent oil charge (140.1-96.2 Ma). In strike-slip fault zones, the physical property of crude oil is low in the east and high in the west, the oil production is high in the east and low in the west, and the oil accumulation time is early in the east and late in the west. The carbonate cementation in the Chang 6 and Chang 7 members is weak, and the late blue-green and blue fluorescence oil charges are dominant, but the carbonate cementation of Chang 8 member is intense, which is characterized by three stages of oil charging. On the whole, the strike-slip fault controls the lateral migration of hydrocarbon with high efficiency, but the differences of hydrocarbon enrichment along the strike-slip fault zone is partly controlled by the variation of tectonic stress. The poor original physical property of Chang 6-Chang 7 reservoir and the development of large shale in Chang 7 member limit the vertical fluid transporting ability of strike-slip fault, which leads to fluid predominance and differential accumulation in Chang 8 member. The research results can provide important support for further determining the distribution pattern and oil reservoir-forming model for fault-fracture body reservoirs in the study area.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田位置及断裂分布
Fig. 1. The location and fault distribution of Jinghe oilfield in Ordos basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组砂岩类型及物性特征
Fig. 2. The sandstone types and physical properties of Yanchang Formation in Jinghe oilfield, Ordos basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组砂岩碳酸盐岩含量与孔隙度及渗透率关系
Fig. 3. The relationship of carbonate content with porosity and permeability of sandstone in Yanchang Formation, Jinghe oilfield, Ordos basin
图 4 泾河油田延长组典型阴极发光及显微荧光照片
a.JH22井，深度1 496.9 m，石英颗粒呈线-凹凸接触（黄色箭头）；b.JH25井，深度1 354.8 m，早期方解石呈基底式胶结，发橘红色阴极光；c.JH63井，深度1 387.8 m，晚期方解石呈孔隙式胶结，溶蚀作用明显；d.JH45井，深度1 454.8 m，穿石英颗粒裂纹中发橙黄色荧光油包裹体；e.JH22井，深度1 502.3 m，石英颗粒内裂纹中发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体；f.JH17井，深度1 415.0 m，长石解理缝中见蓝色荧光油包裹体；g.JH25井，深度1 342.6 m，石英颗粒内裂纹中发橙黄色荧光油包裹体；h~i.JH25井，深度1 413.6 m，穿石英颗粒裂纹中发蓝色荧光油包裹体，HI油包裹体，AI盐水包裹体；j~k.JH9井，深度1 053.0 m，方解石胶结物内橙黄色荧光油包裹体；l~l'.JH9井，深度1 053.0 m，长石溶孔内橙黄色荧光油包裹体；m.JH12井，深度1 364.7 m，穿石英颗粒裂纹中蓝绿色荧光油包裹体
Fig. 4. The typical cathodoluminescence and micro-fluorescence graphs of Yanchang Formation in Jinghe oilfield
图 5 泾河油田不同断裂带包裹体均一温度分布
a.永正断裂带，长8段，1 453.5~1 455.8 m；b.榆林子断裂带东段，长8段，1 365.9~1 390.8 m；c.榆林子断裂带中段，长8段，1 411.0~1 412.8 m；d.榆林子断裂带西段，长8段，1 350.7~1 376.2 m；e.宫河断裂带，长8段，1 342.5~1 350.4 m；f.永和断裂带，1 359.2~1365.4 m
Fig. 5. The homogeneous temperature distribution of inclusions in different fault zones in Jinghe oilfield
图 6 泾河油田延长组方解石胶结物超低浓度U-Pb定年结果
a.泾河22井，长8段，1 496.9 m，橘红色阴极光方解石胶结物；b.橘红色阴极光方解石胶结物U-Pb定年结果；c.泾河8井，长8段，1 370.39 m，亮黄色阴极光方解石胶结物；d.亮黄色阴极光方解石胶结物U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 6. The Ultra-low concentration U-Pb dating of calcite cement in Yanchang Formation, Jinghe oilfield
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组储层成岩事件
Fig. 7. The diagenesis event of Yanchang Formation in Jinghe oilfield, Ordos basin
图 8 泾河油田不同断裂带油包裹体及原油API°频率分布直方图
Fig. 8. The histogram of API° frequency distribution of oil inclusions and crude oil in different fault zones in Jinghe oilfield
图 9 泾河油田不同断裂带油气充注特征平面
Fig. 9. The hydrocarbons charging characteristics of different fault zones in Jinghe oilfield
图 10 泾河油田延长组油气成藏时期
Fig. 10. The hydrocarbon accumulation period of Yanchang Formation in Jinghe oilfield
图 11 泾河油田榆林子断裂带不同构造段油气充注特征
Fig. 11. The hydrocarbons charging characteristics of different segments of Yulinzi fault zone in Jinghe oilfield
图 12 泾河油田延长组不同层段流体分布特征
a.碳酸岩盐胶结物含量随深度的变化；b.油包裹体均一温度分布；c.油包裹体QF-535值随深度的变化
Fig. 12. The fluid distribution characteristics of different layers of Yanchang Formation in Jinghe oilfield
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