Fracture Development Laws of Feixianguan Formation Carbonate Reservoirs in Huanglongchang-Qilibei Area, Northeast Sichuan
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摘要: 四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强，天然裂缝发育，天然裂缝分布对油气运聚和开发具有重要作用.利用三维地震属性与成像测井、岩心相结合的分析方法，对川东北黄龙场-七里北地区飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝发育规律进行了预测.飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层主要发育NEE-SWW向、NE-SW向、NW-SE向及NWW-SEE向四组裂缝.其中NEE-SWW向裂缝最为发育，其次发育NE-SW向和NW-SE向裂缝，NWW-SEE向裂缝发育较差，研究区以大于70°的高角度裂缝为主.裂缝的发育程度受沉积相和断层两个主要因素控制，其中沉积相是裂缝发育的基础，不同沉积相的裂缝发育程度有明显的差异，其中台缘滩亚相和台内滩亚相的裂缝最发育，其次为滩间海亚相和台内洼地亚相，而缓斜坡亚相的裂缝发育程度相对较差.断层是影响裂缝发育程度及其展布规律的关键，根据裂缝发育指数（FDI）方法分析，该区断控裂缝发育带的宽度主要分布在250~1 000 m之间，与断层规模密切相关，随着断层规模的增加，断控裂缝发育带的宽度变大.Abstract: The carbonate reservoirs of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Northeast Sichuan Basin are characterized with strong heterogeneity and development of natural fractures. The distribution of natural fractures plays an important role in hydrocarbon migration and development. In this paper, the development laws of natural fractures in carbonate reservoirs of Feixianguan Formation in Huanglongchang-Qilibei area in Northeast Sichuan area are predicted by combining 3D seismic attributes with imaging logging and core analysis methods. NEE-SWW trending, NE-SW trending, NW-SE trending and NWW-SEE trending fractures are mainly developed in the carbonate reservoirs of Feixianguan Formation. NNE-SSW trending fractures are the most developed, followed by NE-SW trending and NW-SE trending fractures, NWW-SEE trending fractures are relatively poorly developed, and the fractures are dominated by high angle fractures greater than 70°. The fracture development degree of carbonate reservoir in Feixianguan Formation is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies and faults. Sedimentary facies is the basis of fracture development, and the fracture development degree of different sedimentary facies is obviously different. The fractures are mostly developed in marginal-platform shoal subfacies and intra-platform shoal subfacies, followed by interbank sea subfacies and intra-platform depression subfacies, and the fracture development degree of gentle slope subfacies is relatively poor. Fault is the key to influence fracture development degree and distribution laws. According to the fracture development index (FDI) method analysis, the width of the fault-controlled fracture zones mainly ranges between 250 m and 1 000 m in this area. With the increase of the fault scale, the width of fault-controlled fracture zones increases as well.
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图 1 研究区位置（a）及黄龙场‒七里北地区断层分布（b）
Fig. 1. The location of study area (a) and fault distribution of Huanglongchang-Qilibei area (b)
图 4 沿测线裂缝发育带宽度分布
C1~C6为测线位置，具体位置见图 1b
Fig. 4. The width distribution map of the fracture development zone along the measuring line
图 5 黄龙场‒七里北地区飞仙关组裂缝玫瑰花图
a. 成像测井附近地震预测裂缝走向分布（N=4 088）；b.成像测井解释裂缝走向分布（N=99）
Fig. 5. Fracture rose diagrams of Feixianguan Formation in Huanglongchang-Qilibei area
图 6 黄龙场‒七里北地区飞仙关组裂缝倾角分布
a. 成像测井附近地震预测裂缝倾角分布（N= 4 088）；b.成像测井解释裂缝倾角分布（N=99）
Fig. 6. Fracture dip angle distribution of Feixianguan Formation in Huanglongchang-Qilibei area
图 7 黄龙场‒七里北地区飞仙关组断层和裂缝分布预测
Fig. 7. Fracture distribution prediction of Feixianguan Formation in Huanglongchang-Qilibei area
图 8 黄龙场‒七里北地区飞仙关组裂缝密度与沉积亚相(a)、白云石含量(b)的关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between fracture density and sedimentary subfacies (a) and dolomite contents (b) of Feixianguan Formation in Huanglongchang⁃Qilibei area
表 1 地震资料预测裂缝的相关参数
Table 1. Relevant parameter settings for predicting fractures from seismic data
参数名称 参数设置 噪声滤波器方位 双向滤波 沿地震道滤波器大小 15道 走向滤波大小 25道 倾角滤波大小 31道 最小切片向量长度 17道 限制方位角范围 A: -75°, B: -15°, C: 15°, D: 75° 方位角容限 15° 倾角容限 15° 最小断层高度 16个样本 最小断层长度 14道 
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