消能抗震锚杆的研究进展与思考

石振明; 谢可禄; 俞松波; 杜长城; 赵飞

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2023.001

消能抗震锚杆的研究进展与思考

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.001

石振明^{1, 2,},
谢可禄^{1, 2},
俞松波^{1, 2},
杜长城^{1, 2},
赵飞^{1, 2, , ,}

1.
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑与工程系, 上海 200092
2.
同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室, 上海 200092

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2019YFC1509702

详细信息

作者简介:
石振明（1968-），男，教授，博士，主要从事地质灾害与防治技术方面研究工作. E-mail：shi_tongji@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
赵飞, ORCID：0000-0002-7032-3492. E-mail：zhaofei@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P64
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- 文章访问数: 339
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-25

Research Advance and Thinking on Energy Dissipation and Seismic Bolts

Shi Zhenming^{1, 2
,},
Xie Kelu^{1, 2},
Yu Songbo^{1, 2},
Du Changcheng^{1, 2},
Zhao Fei^{1, 2
, ,
,}

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 消能锚杆在加固边坡工程、基坑工程和巷道工程中具有良好的支护和容错能力，已经被广泛地研究和应用.系统地介绍了传统消能抗震锚杆的研发现状. 根据消能抗震锚杆在外荷载消失后是否可自行恢复，进一步将其分为变形不可自复位型锚杆和变形可自复位型锚杆，并就几种典型消能抗震锚杆的工作机理及优缺点做了分析. 在此基础上，进一步总结了现有抗震锚杆技术存在的主要问题：现在消能锚杆结构存在设计缺陷、不同荷载力学作用机制导致锚杆力学响应存在显著差异、现有消能锚杆无法适应岩土体的动力变形. 最后，基于抗震结构自复位性的特点，提出了一种具有自复位结构的新型多级消能抗震锚杆，该锚杆具有多级缓冲消能的特点，且能实现在外部荷载减小或消失时其消能部件变形可恢复的效果，有望为强震区、爆破区及高地应力区的边坡、隧道、矿井巷道等工程持续提供有效的支护力.
- 消能抗震锚杆 /
- 边坡工程 /
- 强震作用 /
- 自复位结构 /
- 工作原理 /
- 工程地质
Abstract: Energy dissipation bolt has better support and fault tolerance when applied to slope engineering, foundation pit engineering and roadway engineering, and has been widely used in ground and underground engineering. This paper systematically introduces the research and development status of traditional energy dissipation and seismic bolt. According to whether energy dissipation and seismic bolt can self-reset after the external load disappears, it is further divided into non-self-resetting bolts and self-resetting bolts, and the working mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of several typical anti-seismic bolts are analyzed. On this basis, the main problems of the existing energy dissipation and seismic bolts technology are further summarized, including lack of verification of the mechanical properties of energy dissipative anchors, significant differences in the mechanical response of anchors due to different load mechanics, and the inability of existing energy dissipative anchors to adapt to the dynamic deformation of geotechnical bodies. Finally, based on the characteristics of self-resetting seismic structure, a new multi-stage energy dissipation and seismic bolt with self-resetting structure is proposed.This bolt has the characteristics of multi-stage buffer energy dissipation and can realize the effect that the deformation of its energy dissipating parts can be recovered when the external load is reduced or disappeared, which can provide effective support force for slope, tunnel, mine tunnel and other support engineering in strong seismic areas, blasting areas and high ground stress areas continuously.
- energy dissipation and seismic bolt /
- slope engineering /
- strong seism /
- self-resetting structure /
- working principle /
- engineering geology

HTML全文

图 1 传统锚杆的几种常见失效破坏模式

Fig. 1. Several common failure modes of traditional bolts

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图 2 几种典型的不可自复位锚杆

a. Cone锚杆（Jager，1994；Ortlepp，1992）；b. Durabar型锚杆（Ortlepp et al.，2001）；c. Roofex锚杆（Charette et al.，2007）；d.Yield-Lok锚杆（Wu et al.，2010）；e.DC锚杆（Yokota et al.，2019，2020）

Fig. 2. Several typical non-self-resetting bolts

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图 3 几种弹簧型自复位锚杆

a. 可适应围岩变形的锚杆（高美奔等，2018）；b.防拉断大变形锚杆（杜新国等，2018）；c.变形自恢复锚杆（涂兵雄等，2019）

Fig. 3. Several spring types of self-resetting bolts

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图 4 几种让压管/环型自复位锚杆

a. 高强让压锚杆（刘进晓等，2014）；b.让压式可伸长锚杆（王爱文等，2017）；c.新型多级让压锚杆（孙景涛，2017）；d.变形吸能锚杆（冯晓巍等，2020）

Fig. 4. Several yielding pipe/ring typesof self-resetting bolts

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图 5 几种托盘型自复位锚杆

a. 吸能可变形托盘（姚金蕊等，2013）；b. 让压锚杆托盘（常龙龙和李文胜，2016）；c. 吸能抗震锚杆托盘（李鹏，2018）

Fig. 5. Several tray typesof self-resetting bolts

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图 6 其他型自复位锚杆示意图

a. 组合让压锚杆（刘锋珍等，2014）；b. 分段让压锚杆（张开智和姬松涛，2014）

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of other types of self-resetting bolts

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图 7 结构型自复位锚杆示意图

a. 新型可伸长锚杆（李铀等，2007）；b. 新型高强恒阻大变形锚杆（吴学震等，2012）；c.让位缓冲吸能防冲锚杆（唐治等，2018）；d.Garford Solid锚杆（Varden et al.，2008）；e. 新型屈服锚杆（Wang et al.，2012）

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of structural self-resetting bolts

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图 8 自复位锚杆结构示意图

Fig. 8. Structural diagram of self-resetting bolt

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图 9 自复位抗震锚杆的消能部件结构示意图

a. 消能部件结构；b. 消能部件a’，b’和c’截面

Fig. 9. Structural diagram of energy dissipation components of self-resetting bolt

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图 10 自复位锚杆工作原理示意图

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of working principle of self-resetting bolt

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表 1 我国消能抗震锚杆研究现状

Table 1. Research status of seismic energy dissipation bolts in China

锚杆类型		锚杆/吸能部件名称	工作原理/消能部位	工程应用背景	发布时间	文献类型	发明人
材料可自复位型	弹簧型	一种新型让压锚杆	主、辅弹簧	巷道软岩	2013	期刊文章	王成军等（2013）
		一种新型让压锚杆	主、副弹簧	巷道软岩	2014	期刊文章	肖利平（2014）
		一种防冲吸能锚杆/托盘	弹簧	高地应力地下围岩	2016	实用新型	代连朋等（2016）
		一种圆筒让压锚杆	弹簧	地下围岩	2016	实用新型	宋城等（2016）
		一种多级让压锚杆	弹簧	高地应力巷道围岩	2016	实用新型	孙景涛等（2016）
		一种让压锚杆	弹簧	巷道软岩	2017	发明专利	王永华（2017）
		一种新型多级让压锚杆	弹簧	大变形巷道围岩	2017	实用新型	武守鑫（2017）
		一种拉压耦合变形锚杆	弹簧	大变形隧道围岩	2018	实用新型	折惠东等（2018）
		一种可适应围岩变形锚杆	弹簧	大变形地下、边坡岩体	2018	发明专利	高美奔等（2018）
		一种防拉断大变形锚杆	碟形弹簧	大变形地下、边坡岩体	2018	实用新型	杜新国等（2018）
		一种减震吸能锚杆/托盘	高强弹簧	地震荷载地下围岩	2018	发明专利	苏丽娟等（2018）
		一种可伸长多级让压锚杆	高强弹簧	大变形地下围岩	2018	实用新型	殷齐浩等（2018）
		一种预应力抗震消能锚杆	高强弹簧	高烈度区边坡岩体	2019	发明专利	吴沛沛等（2019）
		一种多级让压锚杆	高强弹簧	大变形巷道围岩	2019	实用新型	赵俊明（2019）
		一种变形自恢复让压锚杆	高强弹簧	冲击荷载围岩	2019	发明专利	涂兵雄等（2019）
		一种新型压力屈服消能锚杆	叠层弹簧	高地应力地下围岩	2021	期刊文章	Zhang et al.（2021）
		一种多级增阻让压锚杆	弹簧	大变形巷道围岩	2021	实用新型	侯俊敏等（2021）
	让压管/让压环型	一种预应力让压锚杆	让压管	大变形巷道围岩	2013	期刊文章	连传杰和王阁（2013）
		一种新型分级让压锚杆	让压管	大变形巷道围岩	2014	实用新型	刘进晓等（2014）
		一种新型让压锚杆	让压环	大变形巷道围岩	2016	实用新型	马其华等（2016）
		一种新型多级让压锚杆	让压环/球	大变形巷道围岩	2016	实用新型	孙景涛（2017）
		一种新型多级让压锚杆	让压环	高地应力巷道围岩	2017	实用新型	赵亚鹏（2017）
		一种多级周期让压锚杆托盘	多级让压环	高地应力巷道围岩	2017	实用新型	刘迅等（2017）
		一种增阻型锚杆	让压橡胶筒	大变形隧道、边坡岩体	2018	发明专利	高美奔等（2018）
		一种变形吸能锚环	吸能锚环	高地应力巷道围岩	2020	发明专利	冯晓巍等（2020）
	托盘型	一种吸能可变形锚杆托盘	对称拱状梯形钢板	高地应力地下围岩	2013	实用新型	姚金蕊等（2013）
		一种新型让压锚杆	橡胶托盘	大变形地下围岩	2015	实用新型	苏海等（2015）
		一种让压锚杆/托盘	橡胶颗粒混凝土	剪切型地下围岩	2016	实用新型	常龙龙和李文胜（2016）
		一种多级增阻让压锚杆	橡胶板	大变形巷道围岩	2016	实用新型	牛双建等（2016）
		一种防冲吸能锚杆/托盘	泡沫铝板	高地应力地下围岩	2016	实用新型	代连朋等（2016）
		一种减震吸能锚杆/托盘	橡胶圈	地震荷载地下围岩	2018	发明专利	苏丽娟等（2018）
		一种吸能抗震锚杆	高阻尼橡胶	高地应力地下围岩	2018	实用新型	李鹏（2018）
	其他型	一种组合让压锚杆	吸能段弯曲杆体	大变形巷道围岩	2014	实用新型	刘锋珍（2014）
		一种分段让压锚杆	吸能螺旋杆体、让压阀	高地应力巷道围岩	2014	实用新型	张开智和姬松涛（2014）
		一种吸能抗震锚杆	弯曲杆体	高地应力地下围岩	2018	实用新型	李鹏（2018）
结构可自复位型		一种新型可伸长锚杆	筒体和锥形楔体	大变形巷道围岩	2007	期刊文章	李铀等（2007）
		Garford Solid锚杆	实心杆体和吸能装置	地下围岩	2008	期刊文章	Garford公司（2008）
		一种新型高强恒阻大变形锚杆	锥形杆体与锁块	大变形地下围岩	2012	实用新型	吴学震等（2012）
		一种新型屈服锚杆	拉拔模和拉拔杆	地下围岩	2012	期刊文章	Wang et al.（2012）
		一种拉压耦合型高强大变形锚杆	锥形杆体与锁块	大变形地下围岩	2013	发明专利	王刚等（2013）
		一种挤压-摩擦式吸能锚杆	六角衬里管与套筒	高地应力地下围岩	2015	学位论文	孟村影（2015）
		一种让压大变形锚杆	变直径圆管与摩擦球	大变形地下围岩	2017	实用新型	徐强等（2017）
		一种让压锚杆	让压杆件和套筒	巷道软岩	2017	实用新型	王永华（2017）
		一种让位缓冲吸能防冲锚杆	套筒及锚尾	高地应力地下围岩	2017	发明专利	唐治等（2018）
		一种多级让压锚杆	增阻块与杆体凹形内壁	高地应力地下围岩	2018	发明专利	张向东等（2018）
		一种大变形让压锚杆	液压控制	大变形地下软岩	2020	发明专利	黄书岭等（2020）
		一种用于边坡工程的抗震锚杆	双向阻尼器	地震荷载边坡岩体	2021	发明专利	杨逾等（2021）

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