Strike-Slip Faults Controlled "Floor Type" Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model in Gaoshiti-Moxi Area, Sichuan Basin: A Case Study of Sinian-Cambrian
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摘要: 走滑断裂对油气成藏具有重要的控制作用.为了探究四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区走滑断裂在震旦系-寒武系油气成藏中的控藏作用，在走滑断裂的精细地震解释，以及储层溶蚀孔洞充填成岩矿物流体包裹体系统分析的基础上，通过划分走滑断裂活动期次，以及拟定油气充注成藏期次和时期，并探讨二者之间的耦合关系，从而建立油气成藏模式.结果表明，四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区存在加里东早期、加里东晚期-海西早期、海西晚期及印支期4期走滑断裂，震旦系-寒武系总体存在两期油三期气充注成藏的特征.走滑断裂的活动与油气活动存在良好的时空耦合关系，从而形成了震旦系-寒武系走滑断裂控制下的“层楼式”油气成藏模式.该模式下，走滑断裂垂向连通主力烃源岩与多套优质储层，形成多层系含有油气的格局，且各层系油气成藏特征表现出高度相似性.对存在“层楼式”油气成藏模式的地区，应注重立体勘探.Abstract: Strike-slip faults play an important role in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of strike-slip faults on the Sinian-Cambrian hydrocarbon accumulation in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area of Sichuan basin, seismic interpretation of strike-slip faults and systematic fluid inclusion analysis of diagenetic minerals filled in solution vugs were carried out, and the active stages of strike-slip faults and the hydrocarbon accumulation orders were determined. Moreover, the coupling relationship between strike-slip fault active stages and the hydrocarbon accumulation orders were discussed, and established a "floor type" hydrocarbon accumulation model controlled by strike-slip fault. Under this model, there are multiple sets of high-quality reservoirs developed vertically, which are shown as multi-layer systems containing oil and gas, and the oil and gas accumulation characteristics of each layer system are highly similar. For the areas where there is a "floor type" oil and gas accumulation mode, attention should be paid to three-dimensional exploration.
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Key words:
- strike-slip fault /
- fluid inclusion /
- hydrocarbon accumulation model /
- Sinian /
- Cambrian /
- Sichuan basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 研究区位置(a)及震旦系-寒武系地层柱状图(b)
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (a) and stratigraphic column of the Sinian-Cambrian (b)
图 2 研究区走滑断层典型剖面构造样式
Fig. 2. Typical structural style of strike-slip fault in profile of the study area
图 3 研究区震旦系灯影组底界(a)和寒武系龙王庙组底界(b)走滑断层分布图
Fig. 3. Distribution of strike-slip faults in the bottom of the Sinian Dengying Formation (a) and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (b) of the study area
图 6 研究区震旦系-寒武系储层及流体包裹体典型特征
a.磨溪119井，5 039.24 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶蚀孔洞充填白云石+沥青+白云石；b.高石102井，5 081.78 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶洞充填白云石+沥青+石英；c.磨溪20井，4 614.89 m，龙王庙组，白云岩，溶蚀孔洞充填沥青；d.高石17井，4 464.44 m，龙王庙组，白云岩，溶蚀孔洞充填多期方解石；e.磨溪39井，4 686.63 m，洗象池组，白云岩，溶蚀孔洞充填白云石+沥青；f~f'.磨溪13井，5 104.72 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶洞充填发红色阴极光中-粗晶白云石，f为透射光照片，f'为阴极光照片；g~g'.磨溪105井，5 364.99 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶洞充填白云石+沥青+白云石+沥青，g为投射光照片，g'为紫外荧光照片；h~h'.磨溪51井，5 334.70 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶洞充填方解石中见大量纯气相包裹体，h'为h中红框视域；i~i'.磨溪22井，5 417.22 m，灯影组，白云岩，溶洞充填白云石+萤石，白云石发红色阴极光，萤石发深蓝色阴极光，萤石中捕获纯气相包裹体（红色箭头）和气液两相盐水包裹体（绿色箭头），i为阴极光照片，i'为i中红框视域透射光照片；j~j'.高石17井，4 490.48 m，龙王庙组，白云岩，溶洞充填方解石中见大量纯气相包裹体，j'为j中红框视域，均为透射光照片；k~k'.磨溪20井，4 607.25 m，龙王庙组，白云岩，溶洞充填粗晶白云石+沥青，白云石中见大量沥青包裹体和纯气相包裹体；j'为j中红框视域，均为透射光照片；l~l'.高石109井，5 312.26 m，灯影组，白云岩，基质重结晶白云石中见发亮蓝色荧光油包裹体，l和l'分别为同视域的透射光和紫外荧光照片；m~m'.磨溪20井，4 605.46 m，龙王庙组，白云岩，溶孔充填早期白云石中见发亮蓝色荧光油包裹体，m和m'分别为同视域的透射光和紫外荧光照片；n~n'~n''.磨溪39井，4 683.70 m，洗象池组，白云岩，溶蚀孔洞充填白云石/石英+沥青，白云石中见沥青包裹体（蓝色箭头）和纯气相包裹体（红色箭头），n'为薄片n中红框视域阴极光照片，n''为n'中红框视域透射光照片. Dol.白云石，Cc.方解石，Qtz.石英，Flu.萤石，Bit.沥青
Fig. 6. Typical characteristics of the reservoir rocks and fluid inclusions in the Sinian-Cambrian of the study area
图 7 研究区震旦系-寒武系油(红色)气(黄色)充注期次及时期划分
Fig. 7. Oil (red) and gas (yellow) charging orders and time of the Sinian-Cambrian of the study area
图 8 研究区寒武系底界走滑断裂与多层系高产井叠合图
Fig. 8. Overlay map of the strike-slip faults in the Cambrian bottom and the high yield wells of multilayers in the study area
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