Disintegration and Fragmentation Effect of High Position Rock Landslide Debris Flow Based on Large Scale Physical Model Test
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摘要: 解体破碎效应普遍存在于高位岩质滑坡运动过程中，能够使滑坡物质状态与运动状态发生转变，从而影响滑坡的能量分布和动力传递特征.为探讨高位岩质滑坡碎屑流解体破碎特征与能量耗散规律，揭示其动力传递机制，采用大型物理模型试验，重点研究滑源区块体强度、方量、厚度、节理发育程度和坡度等对岩体解体破碎的影响.结果表明：高位岩质滑坡碎屑流在动力传递过程中，前部速度损失较后部明显偏少，前缘具有明显的“二次加速”，大量细小颗粒堆积于远端.滑坡体后部向前部具有明显的速度与动力传递效应，且破碎程度越高，动力传递效应越显著.解体破碎过程伴随能量的转化、传递与损失，在破碎程度控制下，破碎耗能约占总势能的3.32%~21.03%.Abstract: Disintegration and fragmentation effect generally exists in the process of high position rock landslide movement, which can change the material state and motion state of landslide, thus affecting the energy distribution and dynamic transmission characteristics of landslide. By large scale physical model test, this paper deeply studies the slip source block body strength, volume, thickness and joint development degree and slope on the influence of rock disintegration and fragmentation, discusses the disintegration and fragmentation characteristics and the law of detrital energy dissipation of high position rock landslide debris flow, and reveals its momentum transfer mechanism. In the process of dynamic transmission of landslide debris flow, the velocity loss in the front is obviously less than that in the rear, the leading edge has obvious "secondary acceleration", and a large number of fine particles accumulate at the far end. The rear and forward parts of the landslide have obvious velocity and power transfer effect, and the higher the degree of fragmentation, the more significant the dynamic transfer effect. The process of disintegration and fragmentation is accompanied by the transformation, transfer and loss of energy. Under the control of the degree of breakage, the energy dissipation accounts for 3.32%-21.03% of the total potential energy.
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图 1 (a) 试验平台; (b)试验平台示意图; (c)试验平台模型图
Fig. 1. (a) Test platform; (b) schematic diagram of the test platform; (c) model diagram of the test platform
图 6 （a）相对破损比Br计算图示；（b）相对破损比Br
Fig. 6. (a) Illustration of the relative breakage ratio (Br) and (b) relative breakage ratio (Br)
图 7 相对破损比（Br）与最远运动距离（L）的关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between relative breakage ratio (Br) and runout distance (L)
图 8 堆积分布特征
a.堆积体碎屑颗粒大小分布曲线；b.堆积体质量曲线；c.堆积体0~2 m级配曲线；d.堆积体2~4 m级配曲线；e.堆积体4~6 m级配曲线；f.堆积体6~8 m级配曲线；g.堆积体8~10 m级配曲线；h.堆积体10~12 m级配曲线；i.堆积体12~14 m级配曲线
Fig. 8. Distribution characteristics
图 11 破碎耗能占比与相对破损比（Br）关系
Fig. 11. Relationship between crushing energy and relative breakage ratio (Br)
表 1 相似材料质量配比方案
Table 1. Mass proportions of similar materials
单轴抗压强度类别 河砂 重晶石 石膏 水 Ⅰ型 10.72 5.8 0.7 2.1 Ⅱ型 10.22 5.6 1.4 2.1 Ⅲ型 10.22 5.6 1.9 2.1 
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表 2 高位岩质滑坡碎屑流动力传递试验方案
Table 2. Dynamic transmission test scheme of high position rock landslide debris flow
试验序号 变量 单轴抗压强度类别 方量（m3） 岩体厚度（m） 块体尺寸宽/高/长（m） 坡度 T1 Ⅰ型 0.48 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T2 Ⅰ型 0.24 0.3 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T3 Ⅰ型 0.96 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T4 Ⅱ型 0.48 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T5 Ⅲ型 0.48 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T6 Ⅰ型 0.48 0.3 0.1/0.1/0.2 50°+30° T7 Ⅰ型 0.48 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.1 50°+30° T8 Ⅰ型 0.48 0.5 0.1/0.1/0.2 40°
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