考虑拦挡坝抗灾能力的泥石流危险性评价

李永威; 徐林荣; 商拥辉; 陈舒阳

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2023.035

考虑拦挡坝抗灾能力的泥石流危险性评价

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.035

李永威^{1, 2,},
徐林荣^{1, 2, ,},
商拥辉^{1, 2},
陈舒阳³

1.
中南大学土木工程学院, 湖南长沙 410075
2.
中南大学高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心, 湖南长沙 410075
3.
中南林业科技大学土木工程学院, 湖南长沙 410004

基金项目:

国家面上项目 42172322

国家自然科学基金项目 42007419

国家重点研发计划 2018YFC1505403

湖南省自然科学基金 2020JJ5981

湖南省教育厅科学研究项目优秀青年基金 21B0226

中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目 2022ZZTS0646

详细信息

作者简介:
李永威（1994-），男，博士研究生，主要从事地质灾害评估、防治与预警预报研究工作. E-mail：yongweili@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐林荣, E-mail：lrxu@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X43
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Debris Flow Hazard Evaluation under the Influence of Retaining Dam

Li Yongwei^{1, 2
,},
Xu Linrogn^{1, 2
, ,},
Shang Yonghui^{1, 2},
Chen Shuyang³

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Techology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

摘要

摘要: 震后低频泥石流发生概率增加、泥石流规模增大，导致拦挡坝阻灾能力变化，进而影响泥石流的危险性. 但鲜有研究揭示拦挡坝对泥石流危险性的影响. 同时，针对以形成条件为危险性评价指标的传统危险性评价方法无法度量泥石流的破坏力及强度等问题，提出增加泥石流动力学参数作为危险性评价指标，并采用改进的熵值法评估泥石流危险性. 通过计算不同重现期下锄头沟泥石流的动力参数、拦挡坝稳定系数. 定量分析拦挡坝与泥石流危险性之间的控制关系. 结果表明：增加动力特征参数的泥石流危险性评价方法能考虑其动力破坏、泥石流强度作用，结合改进的熵值法能够获取较为科学、合理的评价结果；若拦挡措施安全稳定，由于停淤作用使坝后冲出量减少，使100~10年一遇泥石流危险性降低12.27%~43.75%不等. 考虑拦挡坝抗灾能力进行泥石流危险性评价，能有效对防灾减灾决策、土地规划利用等资源的合理调配提供指导.
- 拦挡坝 /
- 动力特征参数 /
- 改进熵值法 /
- 泥石流危险性 /
- 工程地质
Abstract: The debris flow hazard was more serious with the increase of occurrence probability of low-frequency debris flow after the earthquake. Resulting in the damage of retaining dam and reduction of its capabilities in disaster prevention and reduction. But few studies payed attention to the influence of retaining dam on debris flow hazard. Moreover, disaster-pregnant factors were usually used as the index of debris flow hazard, but the result of hazard evaluation could not completely reflect the destructive power and intensity of debris flow. Thus, the dynamic parameters of debris flow and the stability coefficient of retaining dam in different return periods were calculated in Chutou gully. And the debris flow hazard was evaluated based on dynamic parameters of debris flow and improved entropy method. And the control relationship between retaining dam and debris flow hazard was analyzed. The study findings were as follows: Reasonable evaluation results could be obtained by dynamic parameters and improved entropy method. The values of debris flow hazard were decreased about 12.27%~43.75% with different return periods (1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) under the influence of the retaining dam, due to the discharge of debris flow was decreased below the retaining dam. This work may provide some new clues for prevention and control of debris flow and optimum design of retaining dam.
- retaining dam /
- dynamic parameters /
- improved entropy method /
- debris flow hazard /
- engineering geology

HTML全文

图 1 锄头沟泥石流物源及防治工程分布情况

Fig. 1. Location of materials of debris flow and engineering measures in Chutou gully

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图 2 1#拦挡坝沟道断面形态

Fig. 2. Section characteristics of 1# retaining dam in Chutou gully

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图 3 不同重现周期下锄头沟泥石流流量过程线

Fig. 3. Flow hydrograph of the Chutou gully debris flow for different return periods (10, 20, 50 and 100 years)

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图 4 2019年8.20泥石流对锄头沟1#拦挡坝和下游桥梁造成的影响

Fig. 4. Impact of August 20, 2019 debris flow on prevention engineering and infrastructure, (a) retaining dam is buried by "8.20" debris flow, (b) bridge damage caused by debris flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 泥石流的动力特征参数计算结果

Table 1. Dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow

	频率P参数	1%（100年一遇）	2%（50年一遇）	5%（20年一遇）	10%（10年一遇）
锄头沟泥石流动力参数	泥深(m)	2.06	1.86	1.55	1.23
	流速V_c（m/s）	4.32	4.03	3.56	3.05
	泥石流整体压力(kN)	44.12	38.38	30.04	22.06
	大块石冲击力(kN)	243.25	226.87	200.72	171.9
	动水压力(kN)	33.85	29.45	23.05	16.91
	水的水平水压力（kN）	592.90（空库）		148.22（半库）
震前设计1#拦挡坝受力	泥石流土体水平压力（kN）	1 162.40（满库）		290.60（半库）
	泥石流土体竖向压力（kN）	1 010.90（满库）		252.74（半库）
	扬压力（kN）	448.10（空库）		246.43（半库）
2014年6月后灾后重建1#拦挡坝受力	水的水平水压力（kN）	2 822.40（空库）		705.60（半库）
	泥石流土体水平压力（kN）	3 607.11（满库）		901.78（半库）
	泥石流土体竖向压力（kN）	3 137.20（满库）		784.30（半库）
	扬压力（kN）	2 486.75（空库）		1367.71（半库）

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 泥石流拦挡坝稳定性计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of retaining dam stability of debris flow

	抗滑移稳定性系数				抗倾覆稳定性系数			抗滑安全系数	抗倾覆安全系数	稳定情况
	频率	满库过流	半库过流	空库过流	满库过流	半库过流	空库过流	抗滑安全系数	抗倾覆安全系数	稳定情况
震前设计1#拦挡坝	1%	0.94	0.82	0.73	1.30	1.13	1.01	1.25	1.6	倾倒破坏
	2%	0.96	0.84	0.75	1.32	1.15	1.04	1.25	1.5	倾倒破坏
	5%	0.99	0.87	0.79	1.36	1.20	1.09	1.15	1.4	倾倒破坏
	10%	1.02	0.91	0.83	1.41	1.25	1.15	1.10	1.3	倾倒破坏
2014年6月后灾后重建1#拦挡坝	1%	1.57	1.44	1.32	1.98	1.65	1.47	1.25	1.6	安全稳定
	2%	1.59	1.45	1.31	2.10	1.67	1.51	1.25	1.5	安全稳定
	5%	1.60	1.53	1.42	2.13	1.69	1.56	1.15	1.4	安全稳定
	10%	5.03	4.95	4.76	2.15	1.71	1.59	1.10	1.3	安全稳定

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表 3 锄头沟泥石流危险性评价因子熵值和权重

Table 3. Value of entropy and weight of evaluation factors of debris flow in Chutou gully

评价因子	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄	S₅	S₆	S₇	S₈	S₉	S₁₀	S₁₁
熵值	1	1	1	1	1	0.86	0.89	0.86	0.75	0.87	0.94
权重	0	0	0	0	0	0.17	0.14	0.16	0.30	0.15	0.08

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表 4 有无拦挡措施情况下锄头沟泥石流危险性结果

Table 4. Debris flow hazard evaluation of Chutou gully both with and without the condition of retaining dam

	无拦挡措施		拦挡措施失效			拦挡措施安全稳定
频率	危险性评价值	危险性级别	危险性评价值	危险性级别	危险值变化	危险性评价值	危险性级别	危险值变化
1%	0.79	极高危险	0.79	极高危险	0%	0.71	极高危险	-12.27%
2%	0.62	高度危险	0.62	高度危险	0%	0.53	高度危险	-16.98%
5%	0.40	高度危险	0.40	高度危险	0%	0.33	中度危险	-21.21%
10%	0.23	中度危险	0.23	中度危险	0%	0.16	低度危险	-43.75%

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