Characteristics of Intraplate Small-Displacement Strike-Slip Faults: A Case Study of Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos Basins
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摘要: 板内小位移走滑断裂在全球广泛发育，对沉积盆地油气运聚成藏和差异富集具有重要控制作用.在对我国中西部三大含油气盆地内部小位移走滑断裂几何学特征对比分析基础上，揭示了塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地小位移走滑断裂平剖面特征和走滑构造样式的共性及差异性，进而结合区域动力背景分析了上述三大叠合盆地内部小位移走滑断裂的成因演化.研究表明：（1）我国中西部塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地小位移走滑断裂十分发育，塔里木盆地主要发育于盆地中北部地区及巴楚隆起、四川盆地主要发育于盆地腹部地区、鄂尔多斯盆地主要发育于南部地区和北部杭锦旗地区；（2）三大盆地走滑断裂线形特征明显，但平面展布具有很大差异，塔里木盆地中北部可划分出5个特征迥异的走滑断裂发育区、四川盆地腹部走滑断裂呈不规则网状、鄂尔多斯盆地泾河地区走滑断裂主要呈北东东向、局部呈北西向.（3）三大盆地走滑断裂剖面均呈高陡产状，均发育纯走滑、张扭、压扭及叠加/反转等走滑构造，其中塔里木盆地花状和直立状走滑断裂均比较普遍；四川盆地腹部走滑断裂多为直立状，花状相对偏少；鄂尔多斯盆地泾河地区走滑断裂多呈复合花状或“花上花”特征且走滑反转特征典型.（4）塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地小位移走滑断裂都经历了从加里东期-喜山期的多个构造旋回和多期继承、叠加及改造过程，三大盆地内的走滑断裂形成期大致相同，为加里东中期，但终止期具有差异，塔里木盆地塔中地区为海西晚期、塔北为喜山早期，四川盆地为印支早期，鄂尔多斯盆地为喜山期.Abstract: Intraplate small-displacement strike-slip faults are widely developed and play an important role in controlling hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. It compares geometric characteristics of small-displacement strike-slip faults in Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos basins in western and central China and shows the similarities and differences in structural style. It also discusses the geological setting that controls the small-scale faults evolution in these craton basins. The comparison shows that Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos basins have four aspects of characteristics. (1) Intraplate small-displacement strike-slip faults are developed in the central and northern parts of Tarim basin, in the central part of Sichuan basin, and in the southern and northern Hangjinqi parts of Ordos basin. (2) The strike-slip faults in these three major basins show obvious linear features, but their location in each basin varies. The central and northern parts of the Tarim basin can be divided into five strike-slip fault development areas with different characteristics. The strike-slip faults in central part of Sichuan basin are irregular network, and the strike-slip faults in Jinghe area of Ordos basin are mainly NEE- trending and partially NW-trending. (3) The strike-slip fault in these three basins show high dips. In Tarim basin, fault geometries in cross-section include linear, positive flower and negative flower structures that developed in pure strike-slip, transtension, transpression and superposition or inversion. The strike-slip faults in the central Sichuan basin are mostly upright with few flower structures. The strike-slip faults in Jinghe area of Ordos basin have the characteristic of composite flower structure or "flower on flower" because of strike-slip inversion or reactivation.
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图 1 塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地典型走滑断裂平面展布特征
a.塔里木盆地中北部（雅克拉为T50、其余为T74）；b.四川盆地中部高磨地区（灯影组底界面）；c.鄂尔多斯盆地南部泾河地区（延长组长7段底界面-T6c）
Fig. 1. Planar distribution maps of typical strike-slip faults in the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos basins
图 4 四川盆地中部高磨地区主要地层界面断裂展布特征
a.震旦系灯影组底界面；b.寒武系底界面；c.二叠系龙潭组底界面；d.三叠系底界面
Fig. 4. Distribution of main stratigraphic interface faults in Gaomo area, central Sichuan basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田主要地层界面断裂体系分布
a.Tg (寒武系底面); b.T9 (石炭系底面); c.T6c (延长组长7段底面); d.T5 (延安组底面) : e.T3 (侏罗系顶面)
Fig. 5. Distribution of main stratigraphic interface faults in Jinghe oilfield, Ordos basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地旬邑县城关镇走滑断层(a~c)和张洪镇走滑断层(d~e)特征图
Fig. 7. Characteristics of strike-slip fault in Chengguan town (a-c) and in Zhanghong town (d-e), Xunyi county, Ordos basin
图 8 典型走滑断裂及伴生构造特征综合图(据Cunningham and Mann, 2007)
Fig. 8. Comprehensive map of typical strike-slip faults and associated structural features (after Cunningham and Mann, 2007)
图 9 顺北1号断裂带加里东中期Ⅰ幕演化模式
Fig. 9. Evolution model in middle Caledonian period I of Shunbei No.1 fault zone
图 11 泾河油田不同走滑方式下的构造特征
a.奥陶系顶面(T9)等T0构造图; b.三叠系长7底面(T6c)等T0构造图
Fig. 11. Structural characteristics of Jinghe oilfield under different strike-slip modes
图 12 泾河油田不同走滑方式下的构造发育模式
Fig. 12. Structural development pattern of Jinghe oilfield under different strike-slip modes
图 13 塔里木盆地中北部地区走滑断裂关键活动期次
a.加里东中期Ⅰ幕；b.加里东晚期-海西早期；c.海西晚期；d.印支-燕山-喜山期
Fig. 13. Main evolution stages of strike-slip faults in central and northern areas of Tarim basin
图 14 四川盆地中部高磨地区走滑断裂演化模式
Fig. 14. Evolution model of strike-slip faults in Gaomo area, central Sichuan basin
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