Early Permian Post-Collisional Extension and Crust-Mantle Magmatism in the Central Tianshan Block, Eastern Tianshan: Constraints from the Study of Porphyritic Monzodiorite
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摘要: 研究区的二长闪长玢岩出露于中天山地块南缘，是东天山地区二叠纪岩浆活动的典型代表. 锆石LA-ICP-MS年代学研究获得其成岩年龄为281.3±1.5 Ma. 岩体Na2O+K2O含量和A/CNK分别介于5.88%~6.62%和0.79~0.80之间，显示出高钾钙碱性和准铝质特征. 二长闪长玢岩具有高的Fe2O3/FeO比值（0.66~0.73），基质中出现榍石-磁铁矿-石英组合，暗示它们形成于高氧逸度环境下. 岩石样品富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和Ba，而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素. 此外，样品的εNd（t）和ISr值分别集中于-2.72~-3.07和0.706 46~0.706 54之间，锆石的εHf（t）值变化于-3.7~-0.8，Nb/U比值变化于10.3~10.9，表明它们来源于交代的石榴石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩并混合有少量壳源组分. 综合考虑中天山地块岩石成因及其他地质资料，我们认为东天山地区的中天山地块在早二叠世处于俯冲板片断裂的后碰撞伸展体系.Abstract: As a typical case of the Permian magmatism in the Eastern Tianshan, the porphyritic monzodiorite exposed in the southern margin of the Central Tianshan block. Zircon U-Pb dating on the monzodiorite yields an age of 281.3±1.5 Ma. The monzodiorite shows high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous affinities, with Na2O+K2O and A/CNK values ranging 5.88‒6.62 wt.% and 0.66‒0.73, respectively. They are characterized by high Fe2O3/FeO ratios (0.66~0.73), and present the assemblage of titanite+quartz+magnetite in the groundmass, suggesting that the monzodiorite formed under a high oxygen fugacity condition. The monzodiorite enriched in LILEs (i.e. Rb, K and Ba), but depleted in HFSEs (i.e. Nb, Ta and Ti) and HREE. In addition, all the study samples have negative εNd(t) (-2.72 to -3.07), high initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.706 46 to 0.706 54) values, and negative zircon εHf(t) (-3.7 to -0.8) values, as well as intermediate Nb/U (10.3 to 10.9) values. These geochemical features indicating that the magmas originated from spinel-garnet lherzolite that metasomatized by subduction-related fluids, and mixed with minor crustal components. Integrating the petrogenesis and other geological evidences, we proposed that the magmatisms in the Central Tianshan block were generated in post-collision extensional setting of slab breakoff during the Early Permian.
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Key words:
- post-collisional extension /
- slab breakoff /
- Permian /
- Petrogenesis /
- Central Tianshan block /
- geochemistry
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图 1 天山造山带构造位置简图（据Zhang et al., 2016修编）
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Tianshan orogenic belt (modified after Zhang et al., 2016)
图 2 东天山构造位置简图（据Mao et al., 2005修编）
二叠纪岩浆岩数据来源：①中天山地块：290 Ma的基性岩数据来源于Zhang et al.（2016）；天宇基性-超基性岩数据来源于Tang et al.（2011）；白石泉基性-超基性岩数据来源于Song et al.（2011）；293 Ma的闪长岩和284 Ma的A型花岗岩数据来源于Du et al.（2018a）；磁海及其他A型花岗岩数据分别来源于Zheng et al.（2016）；Mao et al.（2021）；②阿齐山-雅满苏岛弧带：沙泉子闪长岩和基性岩数据来源于Jiang et al.（2017，2021）；花岗岩数据来源于Du et al.（2018b）；闪长岩数据来源于Zhang et al.（2020）
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Eastern Tianshan (modified after Mao et al., 2005)
图 3 二长闪长玢岩野外及显微镜下照片
a. 岩脉切穿晚石炭世钾长花岗岩；b. 中-细粒斑状结构，可见斜长石和钾长石斑晶；c.基质中发育的矿物组合；矿物缩写：Bt. 黑云母；Hb. 角闪石；Kfs. 钾长石；Mt. 磁铁矿；Pl. 斜长石；Qz. 石英；Ttn. 榍石
Fig. 3. Representative photographs showing the field relations, textural features and mineral assemblages for the porphyritic monzodiorite
图 4 （a）二长闪长玢岩单颗粒锆石CL图像；（b）单颗粒锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（岩浆锆石和热液锆石数据来源于Belousova et al., 2002）
Fig. 4. (a) CL images of zircons from the porphyritic monzodiorite; (b) Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the zircons (Data of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon are from Belousova et al., 2002)
图 5 二长闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄协和图及加权平均年龄
Fig. 5. U-Pb diagrams of concordia and weighted mean ages for zircons from the porphyritic monzodiorite
图 6 （a）侵入岩TAS分类图解（底图据Wilson, 2007）；（b）SiO2-K2O图解（底图据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976）；（c）A/NK-A/CNK图解（底图据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989）
Fig. 6. (a) Total alkalis vs. silica diagram (after Wilson, 2007); (b) SiO2 vs. K2O plot (after Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976); (c) A/NK vs. A/CNK diagram (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989).
图 7 二长闪长玢岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）
OIB、E-MORB、N-MORB数据来源于Sun and McDonough（1989）；球粒陨石标准化值据来源于McDonough and Sun（1995）；原始地幔标准化值据来源于Sun and McDonough（1989）；区域其他闪长岩数据来源于Du et al.，（2018a）；塔里木玄武岩数据来源于Zhang and Zhou（2013）；星星峡群和卡瓦布拉克群数据分别来源于He et al.（2014）和麦地娜·努尔太等（2017）
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element diagrams (b)
图 8 （a）87Sr/86Sri-εNd(t)图解（据Sahoo et al., 2020修编）；（b）壳幔两端员混合模拟（据Du et al., 2018b修编）
中天山地块290 Ma的基性岩数据来源于Zhang et al.（2016）；天宇基性-超基性岩数据来源于Tang et al.（2011）；白石泉基性-超基性岩数据来源于Chai et al.（2008），Song et al.（2011）；293 Ma的闪长岩数据来源于Du et al.（2018a）；中天山古老基底数据来源于Du et al.（2018b）
Fig. 8. (a) εNd(t) vs. 87Sr/86Sri diagram (modified after Sahoo et al., 2020); (b) Source mixing proportions between crust and mantle (modified after Du et al., 2018b)
图 9 中天山地块早二叠世岩浆岩锆石T-εHf(t)图解（底图据Wen et al., 2018修编）
天宇基性-超基性岩数据来源于Tang et al.（2011）；白石泉基性-超基性岩数据来源于Song et al.（2011）；磁海A型花岗岩数据来源于Zheng et al.（2016）；中天山地块其他A型花岗岩数据来源于Mao et al.（2021）
Fig. 9. Zircons T-εHf(t) diagram of the early Permian magmatic rocks in the Central Tianshan block (modified after Wen et al., 2018)
图 10 （a）单颗粒锆石T-logfO2图解（氧逸度缓冲曲线来源于Myers and Eugster, 1983; Wones, 1989）；（b）火成岩氧化还原分类图解（Blevin, 2004）
Fig. 10. (a) Temperature vs. logfO2 diagram for the zircons from the porphyritic monzodiorite (The oxygen fugacity buffer curves are modified from Myers and Eugster, 1983 and Wones, 1989); (b) Redox classification scheme for igneous rocks (Blevin, 2004)
图 11 二长闪长玢岩MgO与Cr、Ni、CaO、TiO2、Fe2O3T和Dy/Yb相关图解
Fig. 11. MgO vs. Cr, Ni, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3T, and Dy/Yb diagrams of the monzodiorite
图 12 （a）Nb/Yb与Th/Yb图解（Pearce, 2008）；（b）Sc/Ni与La/Yb图解（Bailey, 1981）；（c）Th与Ba/Th图解（Hawkesworth et al., 1997）；（d）Ba/La与Th/Yb图解（Woodhead et al., 2001）
Fig. 12. (a) Nb/Yb vs. Th/Yb diagram (Pearce, 2008); (b) Sc/N vs. La/Yb diagram (Bailey, 1981); (c) Th vs. Ba/Th diagram (Hawkesworth et al., 1997); (d) Ba/La vs. Th/Yb diagram (Woodhead et al., 2001)
图 13 部分熔融模拟图解
a. La/Yb与Sm/Yb（底图据Zhang et al.，2021）；b. La/Sm与Sm/Yb图解（底图据Zhang et al.，2016）
Fig. 13. Modeling of partial melting processes
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