Spatial-Temporal Coupling of Key Ore-Controlling Factors for Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits in Tiefa Area, Songliao Basin
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摘要: 松辽盆地东南部的铁法地区白垩系新发现一处铀矿产地和多个铀矿化点.本文结合区域地质背景调查和1 000余个钻孔资料分析，由源到汇对研究区铀成矿系统的铀储层砂体、层间氧化带及还原介质等关键控矿因素进行了定量化系统研究.研究表明铁法地区铀成矿作用主要经历了沉积阶段的预富集期和层间氧化阶段主成矿期两个重要阶段.区域构造驱动下的盆山耦合作用不仅控制着铀源的形成与迁移，也是两个成矿阶段之间构造反转作用的驱动力.研究区铀矿化分布规律与铀储层砂体非均质性、氧化砂体规模、还原介质等控矿因素具有明显的空间耦合关系.泉头组三段（泉三段）含铀岩系的“泥‒砂‒泥”结构完整，铀矿化线索明显，是该区砂岩型铀矿成矿最有利层位，其次是研究区西部阜新组底部的砂砾岩.泉三段铀储层砂体由厚变薄，含砂率由高变低，氧化砂体厚度与氧化砂体比率变小，以及灰色泥岩和煤层等外部还原地质体由薄变厚的部位是该区砂岩型铀矿成矿最有利区域.Abstract: A new uranium deposit and many uranium mineralization spots have been discovered in the Cretaceous strata of the Tiefa area in the southeastern Songliao basin. Based on the regional geological background investigation and the analysis of more than 1 000 drilling data, the author conducts a quantitative and systematic study on the key ore-controlling factors, such as uranium reservoir, interlayer oxidation zone and reducing medium in the uranium metallogenic system from source to sink in the study area. The sandstone-type uranium deposits in the study area have experienced two important stages: the pre-enrichment stage in the depositional stage and the main metallogenic stage in the interlayer oxidation stage. The basin-mountain coupling driven by regional tectonic evolution not only controls the formation and migration of uranium sources, but also drives the tectonic inversion between the two metallogenic stages. The distribution law of uranium mineralization in the study area has obvious spatial coupling relationship with ore control factors such as uranium reservoir heterogeneity, oxidized sand body size, and reducing medium, etc. The gray mudstone at the bottom of the 3rd member of Quantou Formation and the coal seam at the top of the Fuxin Formation restrict the scale of the interlayer oxidation zone and the distribution of uranium mineralization. The 3rd member of Quantou Formation has developed uranium reservoir sand bodies with a complete "mud-sand-mud" structure and obvious clues of uranium mineralization. It is the most favorable layer for sandstone-type uranium mineralization in this area, followed by the glutenite at the bottom of the Fuxin Formation in the western margin of the depression. The most favorable parts for sandstone-type uranium mineralization is in the west of the depression, where the sandstone body of uranium reservoir in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation has changed from thick to thin, the sand content has changed from high to low, the ratio of the thickness to the oxidized sand body decreased, and the external reducing geological bodies such as gray mudstone and coal seams have changed from thin to thick.
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图 1 研究区地质简图（据Gu et al., 2018 修改）
Fig. 1. Geological overview of the study area (modified after Gu et al., 2018)
图 2 盆地充填演化序列与典型钻孔铀矿化综合柱状图
a. 盆地充填演化序列；b. ZK02阜新组底部砂砾岩铀矿化；c. ZK07泉三段铀矿化
Fig. 2. Basin filling evolution sequence and comprehensive histogram of uranium mineralization in typical boreholes
图 3 铁法地区放射性异常赋存层位及钻孔数量、伽马强度统计结果
Fig. 3. Statistical graph of radioactive anomaly occurrence horizon, number of boreholes and Gamma intensity in Tiefa area
图 4 扫描电镜下铀矿物赋存状态
a~c. 沥青铀矿赋存在碳质碎屑之中；d~f.沥青铀矿赋存在黄铁矿周围. Py.黄铁矿；CD.碳质碎屑；Pitch.沥青铀矿
Fig. 4. Occurrence state of uranium minerals under scanning electron microscope
图 5 源区不同地质年代岩体Th、U含量对比（a）；源区Th/U与花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩和平均上地壳对比（b）（数据来自Shi et al., 2019；时溢等，2020）
Fig. 5. Comparison of Th and U in plutons of different geological ages in the source area (a); comparison of Th/U with granodiorite, tonalite and average upper crust in the source area (b) (data from Shi et al., 2019, 2020)
图 6 东北地区盆地构造演化与铀成矿关系（据 吏成辉等，2020； Wang et al., 2020修改）
Fig. 6. Relationship between basin tectonic evolution and uranium mineralization in Northeast China (modified after Li et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020)
图 7 泉三段铀矿化垂向配置关系剖面（A⁃A′）
Fig. 7. Vertical distribution profile of uranium mineralization in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation (A⁃A')
图 8 泉三段铀矿化垂向配置关系剖面（B⁃B′）
Fig. 8. Vertical distribution profile of uranium mineralization in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation (B⁃B')
图 9 泉三段砂体厚度（a）、含砂率（b）与铀矿化平面关系配置
Fig. 9. Configuration diagram of the relationship between sand body thickness (a), sand content (b) and uranium mineralization in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation
图 10 不同岩石地球化学类型砂岩钻孔岩心与镜下照片
a.红色砂岩岩心照片；b.灰绿色砂岩岩心照片，部分发生氧化作用；c.灰黑色砂岩岩心照片；d.红色砂岩褐铁矿化（反射光）；e.灰绿色砂岩黄铁矿部分褐铁矿化（反射光）；f.灰黑色砂岩碳质碎屑和黄铁矿显微照片（反射光）. Lm.褐铁矿化；Py.黄铁矿；CD.碳质碎屑
Fig. 10. Borehole cores and microscopic photos of sandstones of different lithogeochemical types
图 11 不同岩石地球化学类型砂岩环境指标参数TOC（a）、Fe2O3/FeO质量比（b）、△Eh（c）对比
Fig. 11. Comparison of environmental indicators of sandstone of different lithogeochemical types
图 12 泉三段氧化砂体厚度(a)、氧化砂体比率(b)及还原介质(c)统计直方图
Fig. 12. Statistical histogram of oxidized sand body thickness (a), oxidized sand body ratio (b) and reducing medium (c) in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation
图 13 泉三段氧化砂体厚度（a）、氧化砂体比率（b）与铀矿化平面关系配置
Fig. 13. Configuration diagram of the relationship between oxidized sand body thickness (a), oxidized sand body ratio (b) and uranium mineralization in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation
图 14 还原地质体与铀矿化空间配置关系
a.泉三段灰色泥岩；b.阜新组顶部煤层；c.还原地质体、氧化带与铀矿化体的空间配置模式
Fig. 14. Spatial configuration diagram of the relationship between the reducing geological bodies and uranium mineralization
图 15 铁法地区泉三段铀矿化与控矿因素耦合及成矿远景区预测
Fig. 15. Coupling of uranium mineralization and ore-controlling factors and prediction of metallogenic prospects in the 3rd member of Quantou Formation
图 16 铁法地区砂岩型铀矿成矿模式(a)；泉三段铀储层砂体内部双重还原介质制约着氧化带与铀矿化分布(b)；阜新组铀储层砂体内部无机和有机还原介质制约氧化流体与铀矿化(c)
Fig. 16. The metallogenic model of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Tiefa area (a); oxidation zone and distribution of uranium mineralization are restricted by dual reducing medium inside the uranium reservoir in the 3rd member of the Quantou Formation (b); inorganic and organic reducing media inside uranium reservoirs of Fuxin Formation restrict oxidizing fluids and uranium mineralization (c)
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