Provenance Characteristics of Uranium-Bearing Sediments of Upper Saihan Formation and Its Implications for Sandstone-Type Uranium Mineralization in Manite Depression, Erlian Basin
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摘要: 二连盆地马尼特坳陷西南缘陆海、准达赖是近年来新发现的大型砂岩型铀矿床，赋矿层位主要为下白垩统赛汉组上段.开展物源分析对丰富该地区砂岩型铀成矿理论具有十分重要的地质意义及找矿指示作用.对赋矿砂体进行了岩石学、重矿物、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究工作.结果表明，赋矿砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩为主，其次为长石岩屑砂岩，指示物源主要来自再旋回碰撞造山带区，次为岛弧岩浆区，具混合特征.重矿物特征反映出赛汉组上段沉积时期存在北东-南西向和南东-北西向两条主河道在准达赖地区交汇的古地理格局.碎屑锆石年龄组成可划分出4个年龄区间，即120~140 Ma、200~240 Ma、260~360 Ma、390~510 Ma.陆海地区早古生代及中生代锆石年龄比重较高，而准达赖地区晚古生代锆石年龄比重明显增加.经与周缘岩体年龄谱对比，结合重矿物分析结果认为，陆海地区赛汉组上段物源可能来自于研究区北侧巴音宝力格隆起和南侧苏尼特隆起北部，而准达赖地区物源则主要来自苏尼特隆起南部，整体上呈南北双向供源模式.在限定物源的基础上，对蚀源区供铀能力分析认为，苏尼特隆起自早白垩世以来的隆升和高含铀岩体的剥蚀对研究区砂岩型铀成矿影响更为显著，指示了马尼特坳陷西南缘具有良好的砂岩型铀成矿前景.Abstract: The Luhai and Zhundalai uranium deposits in southwestern margin of the Manite Depression in Erlian Basin are large sandstone-type uranium deposits newly discovered in recent years. The ore-bearing strata are mainly the upper Saihan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous. Provenance analysis of the upper Saihan Formation is of great significance to enrich the sandstone-type uranium metallogenic theory and guide the prospecting work in this area. In this paper, petrology, heavy minerals, and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology were carried out on the ore-hosting sand bodies. The ore-hosting sandstone type is dominated by lithic feldspar sandstone, followed by feldspar lithic sandstone, indicating that the clastic material is mainly derived from the re-rotational collisional orogenic zone, followed by the island arc magmatic zone, with mixed characteristics. The characteristics of heavy minerals reflect the paleogeographical pattern that two main channels, NE-SW and SE-NW, converged in the Zhundalai area during the depositional period of the upper Saihan Formation. The age composition of detrital zircon can be divided into four age ranges of 120-140 Ma、200-240 Ma、260-360 Ma、390-510 Ma. The Early Paleozoic and Mesozoic zircon ages have a higher proportion in Luhai area, while the Late Paleozoic zircon ages in Zhundalai area have increased significantly. After comparing with the age spectrum of the surrounding rock mass and combined with the analysis results of heavy minerals, it believes that the provenance of the upper Saihan Formation in Luhai area may come from the Bayinbaolige rise in the north of the study area and the northern part of the Sunite rise in the south. The clastic material in Zhundalai area is mainly from the southern part of the Sunite rise. In general, the study area presents a north-south two-way supply model. On the basis of understanding the provenance conditions, it has analyzed the uranium supply capacity of the erosion source area. The uplift of Sunite rise since Early Cretaceous and the denudation of high uranium-bearing plutons have more significant effect on the sandstone-type uranium mineralization in the study area. This indicates that the southwestern margin of the Manite Depression has good sandstone-type uranium mineralization prospects.
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图 1 二连盆地中部区域地质简图(据俞礽安等，2020修改)
1.第四系沉积岩；2.第四系玄武岩；3.新近系沉积岩；4.古近系沉积岩；5.白垩系二连组；6.白垩系大磨拐河组；7.侏罗系-白垩系玛尼吐组；8.二叠系哲斯组；9.二叠系大石寨组；10.石炭系-二叠系八当山组；11.石炭系本巴图组；12.温都尔庙群哈尔哈达组；13.奥陶系包尔汗图群哈拉组；14.燕山期正长花岗岩；15.印支期花岗岩；16.二叠纪二长花岗岩；17.晚石炭世二长花岗岩；18.早石炭世二长花岗岩；19.采样位置；20.研究区范围
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the central Erlian basin (modified from Yu et al., 2020)
图 2 研究区赛汉组上段地层柱状图及采样位置
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the upper Saihan Formation in study area and sampling location
图 3 研究区赛汉组上段含矿目的层砂岩分类图解
Ⅰ.石英砂岩；Ⅱ.长石石英砂岩；Ⅲ.岩屑石英砂岩；Ⅳ.长石砂岩；Ⅴ.岩屑长石砂岩；Ⅵ.长石岩屑砂岩；Ⅶ.岩屑砂岩
Fig. 3. Sandstone classification of ore-bearing strata of upper Saihan Formation in study area
图 4 研究区赛汉组上段重矿物组成
Fig. 4. Heavy mineral composition of upper Saihan Formation in study area
图 5 研究区赛汉组上段砂岩样品碎屑锆石CL图像
Fig. 5. CL images of detrital zircon of sandstone samples from the upper Saihan Formation
图 6 研究区砂岩样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)与年龄分布直方图(b)
Fig. 6. U-Pb concordia diagrams for detrital zircons from sandstone samples in the study area (a) and age distribution histograms (b)
图 7 研究区赛汉组上段碎屑组分构造三角图解
Fig. 7. Tectonic discrimination triangle diagrams of debris compositions for the upper Saihan Formation in study area
图 8 研究区赛汉组上段砂体展布及重矿物组合分布
Fig. 8. Distribution of sand body and heavy mineral assemblages of upper Saihan Formation in the study area
图 9 研究区砂岩样品碎屑锆石年龄分布频谱与周缘岩体年龄频谱对比
Fig. 9. Spectrum of age distribution of detrital zircons from sandstone samples and comparison of rock mass around the study area
图 10 二连盆地中部马尼特坳陷西南缘砂岩型铀矿成矿模式简图(盆地跌宕运动模型据Jin et al., 2022修改)
Fig. 10. Metallogenic model of sandstone-type uranium deposits in southwestern margin of Manite depression in the central Erlian basin (vertical tectonic movement model is modified from Jin et al., 2022)
表 1 陆海-准达赖地区赛汉组上段砂岩碎屑组分统计表
Table 1. Clastic component statistics of the upper member of Saihan Formation in Luhai and Zhundalai areas
序号 岩性 Q Qm Qp F F’ L GRF Lt 成熟度Q/(F+L) 1 灰黄色含砾中砂岩 48 41 7 27 22 25 5 32 0.94 2 浅灰色细砂岩 53 45 8 23 22 24 1 32 1.14 3 灰黄色细砂岩 56 52 4 28 27 16 1 20 1.26 4 灰白色含砾中砂岩 58 53 5 20 16 22 4 27 1.38 5 浅灰色细砂岩 46 43 3 24 15 30 9 33 0.87 6 浅灰色含砾中砂岩 48 42 6 28 25 24 3 30 0.88 7 浅灰色细砂岩 56 46 10 26 23 18 3 28 1.28 8 浅灰色含砾粗砂岩 53 49 4 27 23 20 4 24 1.14 9 浅灰色中砂岩 52 47 5 26 24 22 2 27 1.09 10 浅灰色中砂岩 54 48 6 29 28 17 1 23 1.19 11 浅灰色细砂岩 58 54 4 22 21 20 1 24 1.38 12 灰黄色细砂岩 58 55 3 24 23 18 1 21 1.36 13 灰黄色含砾中砂岩 61 57 4 18 16 21 2 25 1.58 14 浅灰色中砂岩 57 52 5 24 21 19 3 24 1.33 15 灰白色细砂岩 57 48 9 24 21 19 3 28 1.32 16 浅灰色含砾中砂岩 43 39 4 31 29 26 2 30 0.74 17 浅灰色中砂岩 55 51 4 29 27 17 2 21 1.21 18 浅灰色细砂岩 62 55 7 27 23 11 4 18 1.60 19 浅灰色细砂岩 57 53 4 25 23 18 2 22 1.31 20 浅灰色细砂岩 48 41 7 27 22 25 5 32 0.94 注：其中石英端元Q=Qm+Qp，Qm为单晶石英，Qp为多晶石英，长石端元F=F’+GRF，F’为单颗粒长石，GRF为花岗质岩屑，L为岩屑，Lt=L+Qp. 
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表 2 蚀源区典型岩体伽玛能谱测量结果统计
Table 2. Statistics of gamma spectrometry measurement results of typical rock bodies in erosion source area
测点位置 测点岩性 eU eTh eTh/eU U0 FU $ f $U $ {\mathrm{U}}_{0}=\frac{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{h}}{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{h}/\mathrm{U}} $ $ {F}_{\mathrm{U}}=\mathrm{e}\mathrm{U}-{\mathrm{U}}_{0} $ $ {f}_{U}=\frac{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{U}-{\mathrm{U}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{U}}_{0}} $ 苏尼特左旗北部 英安岩 3.97 17.8 4.48 5.35 -1.38 -25.73 二长花岗岩 1.08 7.46 6.91 2.24 -1.16 -51.79 二长花岗岩 37.29 81.13 2.18 24.36 12.93 53.06 二长花岗岩 18.46 15.68 0.85 4.71 13.75 292.04 正长花岗岩 21.70 15.92 0.73 4.78 16.92 353.90 二长花岗岩 24.36 16.78 0.69 5.04 19.32 383.43 石英闪长岩 17.59 12.57 0.71 3.77 13.82 365.99 苏尼特左旗东部 二长花岗岩 2.20 21.61 9.82 6.49 -4.29 -66.10 二长花岗岩 3.40 12.27 3.61 3.68 -0.28 -7.73 板岩 3.42 15.52 4.54 4.66 -1.24 -26.62 钾长花岗岩 7.92 61.57 7.77 18.49 -10.57 -57.17 黑云母花岗岩 7.20 41.87 5.82 12.57 -5.37 -42.74 苏尼特左旗南部 变质砂岩 3.51 12.58 3.58 3.92 -0.41 -10.43 石英闪长岩 14.84 11.00 0.74 3.30 11.54 349.24 石英闪长岩 18.82 9.00 0.48 2.70 16.12 596.34 二长花岗岩 10.28 7.35 0.71 2.21 8.07 365.75 二长花岗岩 11.72 6.70 0.57 2.01 9.71 482.50 巴彦乌拉 斑状花岗岩 5.13 29.8 5.81 8.95 -3.82 -42.67 斑状花岗岩 4.16 22.01 5.29 6.61 -2.45 -37.06 二长花岗岩 6.17 34.3 5.56 10.30 -4.13 -40.10 英安岩 10.56 31.23 2.96 9.38 1.18 12.60 二连浩特北东部 钾长花岗岩 3.16 26.83 8.49 8.06 -4.90 -60.78 钾长花岗岩 2.84 25.26 8.89 7.59 -4.75 -62.56 钾长花岗岩 3.00 21.82 7.27 6.55 -3.55 -54.22 区域平均值 7.81 11.02 3.33 注：U0.岩体中的古铀含量；eU.岩体中实测U含量；eTh.岩体中实测Th含量.
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