Characteristics and Comparison of the Brachiopod Fauna of the Upper Ordovician Lanweng Formation in Yunkai Area, Eastern Guangxi
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摘要: 华南记录了从新元古代至早古生代多期次与超大陆聚合、裂解相关的重大地质事件，然而对于组成华南的两大块体之一的华夏地块目前尚未很好解决最基本的地层序列划分与对比，进而导致其大地构造属性及其与超大陆聚散等关系存在较大争议，因而作为划分时代与对比最直接的地质证据——生物化石对华夏地块研究显得极其重要.本文报道了产于广西岑溪地区上奥陶统兰瓮组三段的腕足类化石，初步鉴定计有13属13种，以Christiania和Dedzetina两属数量最为丰富.动物群总体表现出个体小、壳体薄、丰度高、分异度中等，且以扭月贝类和正形贝类占绝对优势的特点，与区域上非典型叶月贝动物群具有一定的相似性.化石产出于泥岩、粉砂质泥岩中，推测该动物群栖居于以BA4为主体的底域生态位.经腕足类区域对比，确定赋存层位地质时代为晚奥陶世凯迪中‒晚期，为研究区上奥陶统的划分对比以及华南古地理重建增添了古生物学证据.Abstract: South China has recorded multiple significant geological events related to the assembly and breakup of supercontinents from the Neoproterozoic to the Early Paleozoic. However, the Cathaysia Block, one of the two major blocks constituting South China, still faces unresolved issues in the basic stratigraphic sequencing and correlation, resulting in considerable controversy regarding its tectonic attributes and its relationship with supercontinent cycles. Therefore, the marine fossils, which serve as the most direct geological evidence for stratigraphic division and correlation, is of exceptional importance in the Cathaysia Block. This paper reports the brachiopod fossils from the third member of Upper Ordovician Lanweng Formation in Cenxi area, Guangxi, of which 13 genera and 13 species have been identified. Christiania and Dedzetina are the dominant genera. The fauna generally shows the characteristics of small size, thin shell, high abundance and moderate diversity, and is dominated by Strophomenida and Orthotetida, which is similar to the atypical Foliomena fauna in the region. The fossils are produced in mudstone and silty mudstone. It is speculated that the fauna inhabits in relatively deep water environment, corresponding to BA4. The regional comparison of brachiopods confirms that the age of the occurrence horizon is the Middle-Late Katian of Late Ordovician. This fauna provides paleontological evidence for the division and correlation of the Upper Ordovician in the study area and the paleogeographic reconstruction of the South China Paleoplate.
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Key words:
- Yunkai area /
- Late Ordovician /
- brachiopod /
- Lanweng Formation /
- Cathaysia Block /
- stratigraphy
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图 2 广西岑溪都目地区上奥陶统兰瓮组三段地层柱状图及腕足类地层延限
Fig. 2. Lithologic column and the stratigraphic range of brachiopod fossils from the third member of Lanweng Formation (Upper Ordovician) at Dumu, Cenxi, Guangxi
图 3 都目兰瓮组三段腕足动物群各属标本数量
Fig. 3. Number of brachiopod specimens of each genus in the third member of Lanweng Formation at Dumu
图 4 都目上奥陶统兰瓮组腕足动物化石
a. Skenidioides sp.，腹内模，标本号B0002；b. Plectorthis willisi Weller，1907，腹内模，标本号B1501；c，e~f. Kassinella（Trimurellina）sp.，c. 背内模，标本号B0504；e. 腹内模，标本号B0502；f. 背内模，标本号B0503；d. Nicolella yichangensis Chang，1983，腹内模，标本号B0203；g，j. Leptestiina sp.，g. 背内模，标本号B0702-1；j. 腹内模，标本号B0702；h. Eoplectodonta yichangensis（Chang），1983，腹壳铸模，标本号B1303；i. Dedzetina sp.，背内模，标本号B1107；k. Glyptorthis cataclinal Zeng，1987，腹内模，标本号B1301；l. Christiania nilssoni Sheehan，1973，腹内模，标本号B1214；图中线段比例尺长度为1 mm
Fig. 4. Upper Ordovician brachiopod fossils from Lanweng Formation at Dumu
图 5 都目上奥陶统兰瓮组腕足动物化石
a，d. Leptaena rugosa Dalman，1828，a. 腹内模，标本号B0605；d. 背内模，标本号B0603；b. Strophomena sp.，腹内模，标本号B0301；c. Cliftonia sp.，腹内模，标本号B0803；e~f. Christiania nilssoni Sheehan，1973，背内模，e. 标本号B1213；f. 标本号B1205；g. Triplesia sp.，腹内模，标本号B1401；h~i. Skenidioides sp.，腹内模，h. 标本号B1113；i. 标本号B0003；j~l. Dedzetina sp.，j. 腹内模，标本号B1112；k. 背内模，标本号B1111；l. 背内模，标本号B1110；图中线段比例尺长度为2 mm
Fig. 5. Upper Ordovician brachiopod fossils from Lanweng Formation at Dumu
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