Source Rock Attribute, Oil Classification and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Main Control Factors of Xijiang Main Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 位于珠一坳陷西江凹陷北部的西江主洼具有古地温梯度低、恩平组泥岩厚度大、岩浆作用多等特殊地质特征，导致其主力烃源岩潜力、原油类型和来源、油气聚集规律和成藏主控因素等复杂性.基于烃源岩有机地球化学特征和分布、原油分类、来源及分布规律、原油聚集与岩浆和断裂关系等分析，开展烃源岩分布及潜力、原油成藏规律及主控因素研究.明确了西江主洼发育文昌组下段的文4段和文昌组上段的文3段两种属性差异的中深湖相烃源岩，且改造作用强、供烃能力有差异.成藏原油可分为两种类型，其来源和空间分布存在差异，类型1原油来自于文4段烃源岩，裂陷层和拗陷层均有成藏，横向运移距离远.类型2原油来自于文3段烃源岩，裂陷层成藏，近洼聚集.成藏主控因素为烃源岩和断裂，文昌组烃源岩属性差异、体量控制了原油类型、成藏级别和运移距离.NE向断层因延走向的分段、分时活动速率变化控制烃源岩发育和展布；NWW-近EW向断裂控制文3段烃源岩，且为近洼处裂陷层成藏断层，为远洼处西江中低凸起拗陷层成藏断层.成藏模式可总结为：烃源控聚、断裂控层、岩浆控富.Abstract: Xijiang main sag located in the north of Xijiang sag in Zhu Ⅰ depression is characterized by relatively lower paleo-geothermal gradient, thick mudstones in Enping Formation and more magmatism, which resulted in complexity of source rock potential, oil types and oil source, hydrocarbon accumulation and main control factors. Based on the analysis of the organic geochemical characteristics and distributions of the source rocks, oil classification, oil source and oil distribution, the relationships between oil accumulation, magmatism and faults, distribution and potential of the source rocks, the rule of oil accumulation and the main controlling factors could be identified. There are two types of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks with different attributes: the Wenchang Ⅳ Formation and the Wenchang Ⅲ Formation in the Xijiang main sag, which have been strongly transformed and have different hydrocarbon supply capabilities. Two different oil groups have been recognized in Xijiang main sag, which origined from different source rocks and their spatial distributions are different. Group Ⅰ oil origin from the Wenchang Ⅳ Formation source rock, distributed in the rift sequence and depression sequence reservoirs, with long lateral migration distance. Group Ⅱ oil origed in from the Wenchang Ⅲ Formation, only distributed in the rift sequence and accumulated near the sag. Source rocks and faults are two main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Xijiang main sag. The difference in attribute and volume of the two type source rocks control the oils' organic geochemical characteristics, the level of hydrocarbon accumulation and the migration distance. The NE trending faults control the development and distribution of source rocks due to the change of segmentation and time-sharing activity rate. The NWW-EW trending faults control the development of the Wenchang Ⅲ Formation source rock, and both control the hydrocarbon accumulation in the rift sequence near the sag and in the depression sequence in the Xijiang middle low uplift far from the sag. The hydrocarbon accumulation pattern could be expressed as source rocks control response on oil accumulation direction, faults control response on reservoir layers, magmatism control response on oil enrichment.
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图 2 西江主洼文昌组钻遇泥岩与番禺4洼文昌组典型中深湖相泥岩品质特征对比
Fig. 2. Mudstone evaluation of Wenchang Formation in Xijiang main sag and Panyu 4 sag
图 3 西江主洼和番禺4洼文昌组钻遇泥岩生物标志化合物特征
Fig. 3. Typical biomarker parameters of mudstone samples of Wenchang Formation in Xijiang main sag and Panyu 4 sag
图 4 西江主洼XJ33边界断裂位移曲线
Fig. 4. The fault displacement curve of XJ33 Boundary fault in Xijiang main sag
图 5 西江主洼文4段和文3段沉积相图
Fig. 5. Sedimentary facies of Wenchang Ⅳ Formation and Wenchang Ⅲ Formation in Xijiang main sag
图 6 西江主洼、番禺4洼及陆丰凹陷原油和油砂样品C30 4-甲基甾烷-杜松烷含量关系
a.西江主洼砂岩、原油；b.陆丰凹陷原油；c.番禺4洼砂岩、原油
Fig. 6. Correlation diagrams of C30 4-methylsteranes/(C30 4-methylsteranes+C29 regular steranes) and cadinene/(cadinene+hopane) ratios of sand rock and oil samples in Xijiang main sag, Panyu 4 sag and Lufeng sag
图 7 西江主洼、番禺4洼及陆丰凹陷原油和油砂样品重排甾烷/(重排甾烷+常规甾烷)-姥鲛烷/(姥鲛烷+植烷)关系
a.西江主洼砂岩、原油；b.陆丰凹陷原油；c.番禺4洼砂岩、原油
Fig. 7. Correlation diagrams of diasteranes/(diasteranes+regular steranes) and Pr/(Pr+Ph) ratios of sand rock and oil samples in Xijiang main sag, Panyu 4 sag and Lufeng sag
图 8 西江主洼两类原油平面和纵向分布规律
Fig. 8. Distributions of two type oil groups in Xijiang main sag
图 9 西江主洼南部缓坡、北坡及中低凸起油气成藏剖面
Fig. 9. Hydrocarbon accumulation section of south slope, north slope and the lower uplift in Xijiang main sag
图 10 西江主洼两类原油运聚模式
a.文昌组下段文4段来源油运聚，沉积相为文4段沉积相；b.文昌组上段文3段来源油运聚，沉积相为文3段沉积相
Fig. 10. Hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of two type oil groups in Xijiang main sag
图 11 西江主洼原油分布与岩浆发育平面关系
Fig. 11. Relationship between the distributions of two type oil groups and magmatic rocks in Xijiang main sag
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