Internal Structural Units, Differential Characteristics of Permeability and Their Transport, Shielding and Reservoir Control Modes of Strike-Slip Faults
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摘要: 走滑断裂及其控藏规律已经成为油气勘探的热点，但不同类型走滑断裂内部结构单元、输导特征及其控藏规律，目前还不甚清楚.通过野外精细表征、物理模拟实验和典型实例剖析，揭示走滑断裂内部结构及其控藏特征：走滑断裂内部结构包括断层核、其两侧的滑动破碎带和诱导裂缝带3个单元5个带；张扭性走滑断裂的断层核输导性最好、其次是滑动破碎带，再次是诱导裂缝带；压扭或纯扭性走滑断裂的断层核封闭性最好，其次是诱导裂缝带，滑动破碎带输导性最好.张扭性走滑断裂纵横向输导性要好于压扭和纯扭性走滑断裂，主动盘输导性好于被动盘，活动时期的输导性好于静止时期.走滑断裂的主动盘以输层油气垂向运移为主、被动盘以横向遮挡油气为特征.构建了准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷西部走滑断裂的控藏模式.Abstract: Strike-slip faults and their reservoir-controlling rules have become the focus of oil and gas exploration, but the internal structural units, transport characteristics and reservoir-controlling rules of different types of strike-slip faults are still unclear. Through detailed fields characterization, physical simulation experiments and typical case analysis, the internal structure of the strike-slip fault and its reservoir control characteristics are revealed. The internal structure of the strike-slip fault includes three units and five zones, including the fault core, the sliding fracture zone on both sides and the induced fracture zone. The fault core of tension-shear strike-slip fault has the best transport, followed by the slip fracture zone and the induced fracture zone. The fault core of compressional or pure torsional strike-slip fault has the best sealing property, followed by induced fracture zone and slip fracture zone. The longitudinal and horizontal transport of tension-shear strike-slip faults is better than that of compression-torsional and pure torsional strike-slip faults. The transport of active disks is better than that of passive disks. The transport of active disks is better than that of static faults. The active disk of the strike-slip fault is characterized by vertical migration of oil and gas in the transport layer while the passive disk is characterized by transverse blocking of oil and gas. The reservoir controlling model of the western strike-slip fault in Jimsar sag, Junggar basin was constructed.
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Key words:
- strike-slip fault /
- internal structure /
- permeability /
- transmissibility /
- shield /
- control accumulation mode /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 野外考察区域及主要考察露头剖面位置卫星图
Fig. 1. Satellite images of field investigation area and main outcrop profiles
图 2 观察点3小型张扭走滑断裂的吐孜沟剖面照片
Fig. 2. The profile photo of Tuzigou with the twist-slip fault in observation point 3
图 3 观察点3吐孜沟剖面走滑断裂裂缝条数与距断层核距离的关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between the number of strike-slip fractures in Tuzigou profiles and the distance from the fault core at observation point 3
图 4 吐孜沟剖面3号走滑断裂不同结构单元渗透率分布
Fig. 4. Permeability distribution of different structural units of No. 3 strike-slip fault in Tuzigou profile
图 5 吐孜沟剖面观察点3不同结构镜下特征
a.tz-s-9主动盘原岩带(粉砂)；b.tz-s-6主动盘破碎带(粉砂)；c.tz-s-7被动盘破碎带(粉砂质泥)；d.tz-s-8被动盘原岩带(粉砂质泥)；e.tz-s-3主动盘破碎带(砂岩)；f.tz-s-3主动盘破碎带(砂岩，书斜式构造)；g.tz-s-2被动盘破碎带(砂岩)；h.tz-s-1核部；塑性矿物（黑云母）含量较高
Fig. 5. Microscopic features of different structures at observation point 3 of Tuzigou profile
图 6 乌尔禾1号走滑断裂南段野外露头断裂结构单元划分照片
a.全貌；b.主动盘；c.被动盘；红方框为取样位置与样品号
Fig. 6. Classification of outcrop fault structural units in the southern section of Wuerhe No.1 strike-slip fault
图 7 乌尔禾1号走滑断裂不同内部单元裂缝发育分布
Fig. 7. Development and distribution of fractures in different internal units of Wuerhe No.1 strike-slip fault
图 8 乌尔禾1号走滑断裂不同结构单元的镜下特征
a.we-s-2主动盘滑动破碎带（大量沥青充填）；b.we-s-3主动盘诱导裂缝带（少量沥青充填）；c.we-s-4主动盘原岩带（基本无沥青充填）；d.we-s-1被动盘滑动破碎带（较少量沥青充填）；e.we-s-5被动盘诱导裂缝带（少量沥青充填）；f.we-s-5被动盘原岩带（基本无沥青充填）
Fig. 8. Microscopical features of different structural elements of Wuerhe No.1 strike-slip fault
图 9 柳树沟3号压扭走滑断裂及其结构单元野外照片
Fig. 9. Field photo of Liushugou No.3 compression-torsion strike-slip fault and its structural elements
图 10 柳树沟3号压扭走滑断裂不同结构单元铸体薄片照片
a.ls-s-1铸体薄片照片；b.ls-s-2铸体薄片照片；c.ls-s-3铸体薄片照片
Fig. 10. Thin section photos of different structural elements of Liushugou No.3 compression-torsion strike-slip fracture
图 11 走滑断裂内部结构、地质特征及渗透性差异分布(以准噶尔盆地西缘为例)
Fig. 11. Distribution of internal structure, geological characteristics and permeability differences of strike-slip faults (taking the western margin of Junggar basin as an example)
图 12 实验模型1张扭走滑断裂活动期输导油气实验模型
Fig. 12. Experimental models 1 experimental model of hydrocarbon transport during active torsional strike-slip faults
图 13 实验模型2张扭走滑断裂静止期输导油气实验模型
Fig. 13. Experimental models 2 experimental models for hydrocarbon transport during stationary phase of torsional strike-slip faults
图 14 实验模型3压扭走滑断裂活动期输导油气实验模型
Fig. 14. Experimental model 3 Experimental model of oil and gas transport during the active period of pressure-torsional strike-slip fault
图 15 实验模型4压扭走滑断裂静止期输导油气实验模型
Fig. 15. Experimental model 4 Experimental model of oil and gas transport during stationary period of pressure-torsion strike-slip fault
图 16 张扭走滑断裂静止期垂向输导石油运移(a)和侧向遮挡石油聚集(b)实验照片
a.张扭走滑断裂静止期垂向输导石油运移实验过程照片；b.张扭走滑断裂静止期侧向遮挡石油聚集实验过程照片
Fig. 16. Experimental photos of vertical transport of oil (a) and lateral occlusion of oil accumulation (b) during stationary period of torsional strike-slip fault
图 17 压扭走滑断裂静止期垂向输导石油运移(a)和侧向遮挡石油聚集(b)实验照片
a.压扭走滑断裂静止期垂向输导石油运移实验过程照片；b.压扭走滑断裂静止期侧向遮挡石油聚集实验过程照片
Fig. 17. Experimental photos of vertical transport of oil (a) and lateral occlusion of oil accumulation (b) during stationary period
图 18 不同类型不同活动性的走滑断裂输导遮挡成藏机理综合模式
Fig. 18. Comprehensive models of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of different types and different activities of strike-slip faults
图 19 吉木萨尔凹陷西部二叠系勘探成果(a)与油藏成藏剖面(b)
Fig. 19. Permian exploration results (a) and reservoir-forming profile (b) in western Jimsar Sag
图 20 不同类型走滑断裂的结构与输导遮挡油气运聚控藏模式
Fig. 20. Structure of different types of strike-slip faults and hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and accumulation control modes
图 21 吉木萨尔凹陷西部梧桐沟组、井井子沟组油气运聚成藏立体模式
Fig. 21. Stereotypical pattern of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Wutonggou Formation and Jingjingzigou Formation in western Jimsar sag
表 1 吐孜沟剖面观察点3走滑断裂裂缝要素统计
Table 1. Statistical of strike-slip fracture elements at observation point 3 of Tuzigou profile
剖面名称 观察点序号 断裂结构 裂缝条数(条) 裂缝开度(mm) 裂缝密度
(条/m2)裂缝充填性 吐孜沟剖面 观察带3 破碎带
(主动盘)42 1~4 10 少部分充填 破碎带
(被动盘)23 0.2~2.0 3 大部分充填 
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表 2 乌尔禾1号走滑断裂南端和中南端不同结构单元裂缝
Table 2. Fracture statistics of different structural units in the southern and middle southern parts of Wuerhe No.1 strike-slip fault
剖面名称 断裂名称 断裂结构 裂缝条数
(条)裂缝开度
(mm)裂缝密度
条/m2)裂缝充填性 乌尔禾沥青脉观测剖面 1号走滑断裂南端 滑动破碎带(主动盘) 10 0.2~2.0 10 大部分充填胶结 诱导裂缝带(被动盘) 7 0.1~1.0 7 少量充填胶结 1号走滑断裂中南段 滑动破碎带(主动盘) 22 0.2~4.0 22 大部分充填胶结 诱导裂缝带(主动盘) 10 0.12 10 少量充填胶结
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表 3 实验模型1各模拟内容参数
Table 3. Simulation content parameters of experimental model 1
位置 烃源岩 主动盘裂缝带 被动盘裂缝带 断层核部 储层1 储层2 玻璃珠目数 60 40 80 120 30 100 玻璃珠粒径(mm) 0.25 0.425 0.18 0.125 0.6 0.15 渗透率(mD) 4 625 13 366 2 398 1 156 26 640 1 665
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表 4 实验模型2各模拟内容参数
Table 4. Simulation content parameters of experimental model 2
位置 烃源岩 主动盘裂缝带 被动盘裂缝带 断层核部 储层1 储层2 玻璃珠目数 60 80 120 40 30 100 玻璃珠粒径(mm) 0.25 0.18 0.125 0.425 0.6 0.15 渗透率(mD) 4 625 2 398 1 156 13 366 26 640 1 665
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表 5 实验模型3各模拟内容参数
Table 5. Simulation content parameters of experimental model 3
位置 烃源岩 主动盘裂缝带 被动盘裂缝带 断层核部 储层1 储层2 玻璃珠目数 60 40 80 120 30 60 玻璃珠粒径(mm) 0.15 0.425 0.18 0.425 0.6 0.25 渗透率(mD) 4 625 13 366 2 398 1 156 26 640 4 625
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表 6 实验模型4各模拟内容参数
Table 6. Simulation content parameters of experimental model 4
位置 烃源岩 主动盘裂缝带 被动盘裂缝带 断层核部 储层1 储层2 玻璃珠目数 60 80 120 40 30 60 玻璃珠粒径(mm) 0.15 0.18 0.125 0.425 0.6 0.25 渗透率(mD) 4 625 2 398 1 156 13 366 26 640 4 625
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