Petrogenesis of the Lüliangshan Early Paleozoic Composite Granite Pluton in North Qaidam Tectonic Belt
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摘要: 为探讨柴北缘西段绿梁山复式岩体的成因及其与大陆深俯冲‒折返过程的关系，对其开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究.结果表明，该复式岩体由三期中酸性侵入岩构成，是柴北缘构造带早古生代陆壳深俯冲‒折返到造山带垮塌过程的岩浆响应.其中，Ⅰ期为似斑状花岗闪长岩，规模较小，形成年龄为436~430 Ma，是陆壳深俯冲/碰撞过程中加厚镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物；Ⅱ期为英云闪长岩‒正长花岗岩‒二长花岗岩，年龄介于400~390 Ma，由折返的超高压榴辉岩和下地壳镁铁质岩石在地壳伸展背景下部分熔融形成；Ⅲ期二云母花岗岩为绿梁山复式岩体的主体，形成年龄为365~360 Ma，具强过铝质S型花岗岩特征，是造山带去根、垮塌阶段中、上地壳变泥质岩部分熔融的产物.Abstract: Magmatism plays an important role in rebuilding evolutionary history of orogenic belts. This paper presents a systematic study of petrology, geochemistry and geochronology on the Lüliangshan granite pluton at west segment of the North Qaidam ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt. The results show that the Lüliangshan pluton is a composite granite pluton formed in three magma periods in response to continental crust subduction, exhumation and mountain collapse. The first period (436-430 Ma) formed mainly small scale porphyry granodiorite, which is partial melting products of thickened mafic lower crust during continental subduction. The second period (400-390 Ma) formed tonalite and minor synogranite and monzonitic granite, which are partial melting products of exhumed eclogite-bearing ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane and lower continental crust during post-collisional extension. The third period (365-360 Ma) formed large scale two-mica granite, with strong peraluminous S-type granite geochemical characteristics and is partial melting products of metapelite during orogen unrooting and collapse.
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Key words:
- geochemistry /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- granite /
- Lüliangshan /
- North Qaidam /
- petrology
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图 1 柴北缘绿梁山地区地质简图（据Song et al., 2005a修改）
Fig. 1. Geological map of Lüliangshan area in the North Qaidam(modified after Song et al., 2005a)
图 2 绿梁山复式岩体野外产状
a. 二云母花岗岩；b. 英云闪长岩被正长花岗岩岩脉穿插；c. 英云闪长岩被二长花岗岩侵入；d. 似斑状花岗岩被二云母花岗岩穿插和包围
Fig. 2. Outcrop photos of Lüliangshan composite pluton
图 3 绿梁山复式岩体的岩相学特征
a、b.似斑状花岗闪长岩；c.英云闪长岩；d.正长花岗岩；e.二长花岗岩；f.二云母花岗岩. Qz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.碱性长石；Bt.黑云母；Ms.白云母
Fig. 3. Microscopic photos of Lüliangshan composite pluton
图 5 绿梁山复式岩体锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams for Lüliangshan composite pluton
图 6 绿梁山复式岩体A/CNK-A/NK图解(a；Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)与SiO2-K2O图解（b；Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976）
Fig. 6. A/CNK-A/NK diagram (a; Maniar and Piccoli, 1989) and SiO2-K2O diagram (b; Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976) for Lüliangshan composite pluton
图 7 绿梁山复式岩体岩石球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图（a、c、e、g）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b、d、f、h）（标准化值据Sun and McDonough，1989）
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c, e, g) and Primitive-mantle normalized spider diagrams (b, d, f, h) for Lüliangshan composite pluton(normalized data from Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 8 绿梁山复式岩体Sr/Y-Y图解（a; Defant and Drummond，1990）和LaN/YbN-YbN图解（b; Petford and Atherton, 1996）
Fig. 8. Sr/Y-Y diagram(a; Defant and Drummond, 1990)and LaN/YbN-YbN diagram(b; Petford and Atherton, 1996)for Lüliangshan composite pluton
图 9 绿梁山复式岩体Y-10 000Ga/Al图解（Whalen et al., 1987）
Fig. 9. Y-10 000Ga/Al diagram for Lüliangshan composite pluton (Whalen et al., 1987)
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