Buried Hill Reservoir Characteristics and Its Geophysical Identification Methods for Condensate Gas Field of Bozhong A
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摘要: 渤中A凝析气田为典型的大型太古代变质岩潜山气田，岩性主要为片麻岩、变质二长花岗岩、变质花岗闪长岩和碎裂二长花岗岩，储集空间以裂缝-孔隙和孔隙-裂缝的组合类型为主. 纵向上潜山划分为半风化带和潜山内幕，半风化带普遍发育网状缝和粒内溶蚀孔，形成储集性能好的块状储集体，潜山内幕非均质性强，储集性能差于半风化带；裂缝是有效的储集空间又是良好的渗流通道，大断层附近裂缝相对富集. 孔隙型储层的储集空间多为粒间孔和溶蚀孔，主要发育在潜山顶部或潜山内幕断层附近；半风化带储层物性及其溶蚀孔隙展布与断裂密切相关，古地貌高点和断裂系统发育耦合区是有利的储层发育区带；裂缝的密度和开度对气井无阻流量和产量有重要影响.Abstract: Bozhong A condensate gas field is a typical large Archean metamorphic buried hill gas field. Its reservoir lithology is mainly composed of gneiss, metamorphic monzogranite, metamorphic granodiorite and cataclastic monzogranite. The reservoir space is dominated by fracture⁃pore and pore⁃fracture combination types. Vertically, the buried hill is divided into semi⁃weathered zone and buried hill interior. The semi⁃weathered zone is generally developed with network fractures and intragranular dissolution pores, forming a massive reservoir with good reservoir guality. The buried hill interior is highly heterogeneous, and the reservoir guality is worse than that of the semi⁃weathered zone; Fracture system are both effective reservoir space and good seepage channel. The fracture is relatively rich near the major fracture. The reservoir space of porous reservoirs is mainly intergranular pores and dissolution pores, which are mainly developed at the top of the buried hill or near the fault inside the buried hill; The physical properties of the reservoir and the distribution of its dissolution pores in the semi⁃weathered zone are closely related to the faults; The density and opening of the fractures have an important impact on the open flow and production of the gas well.
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图 1 渤中A凝析气田区域构造位置图
Fig. 1. Regional structural location map of Bozhong A gas condensate field
图 2 渤中A凝析气田太古界潜山顶面构造图
Fig. 2. Top structure map of Archaean buried hill in Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 3 渤中A凝析气田气藏模式图
Fig. 3. Gas reservoir model diagram of Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 4 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界壁心照片及岩石薄片
变质二长花岗岩中斑晶为蚀变钾长石、黑云母、斜长石和钾长石：APF. 蚀变钾长石；BM. 黑云母；P. 斜长石；F. 钾长石. 黑云二长片麻岩中斑晶为蚀变钾长石、黑云母和石英：APF. 蚀变钾长石；BM. 黑云母；Q. 石英. 闪长玢岩中斑晶为角闪石：H. 角闪石
Fig. 4. Meso⁃Neoarchean side wall core photos and rock slices of Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 5 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山变质岩岩性识别图版
Fig. 5. Lithological identification chart of metamorphic rocks in Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill of Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 6 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山侵入岩岩性识别图版
Fig. 6. Lithologic identification chart of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill intrusive rocks in Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 7 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山不同类型储集空间储层测井响应特征图
a. BZA⁃18井中新太古界潜山孔隙型储层测井响应；b. BZB⁃8d井中新太古界潜山裂缝-孔隙型储层测井响应；c. BZA⁃18井中新太古界潜山孔隙-裂缝型储层测井响应；d. BZA⁃2Sa井中新太古界潜山裂缝型储层测井响应特征图
Fig. 7. Logging response characteristics of different types of reservoir spaces in Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill in Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 8 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山裂缝倾角分布直方图和走向玫瑰花图
Fig. 8. Distribution histogram and trend rose diagram of fracture dip angle in Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill in Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 9 BZA⁃18井中新太古界潜山测井响应特征图
Fig. 9. Logging response characteristics of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill of well BZA⁃18
图 10 BZA⁃18井中新太古界潜山斯通利波时差、常规测井及成像测井关系图
Fig. 10. Stoneley wave time difference, conventional logging and imaging logging diagram of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill of well BZA⁃18
图 11 渤中A凝析气田10、18井区叠后储层预测结果
a. 均方根振幅属性（0~800 m）; b. 均方根振幅属性（0~800 m）
Fig. 11. Prediction results of post stack reservoir in well block 10 and 18 of Bozhong A condensate gas field
图 12 渤中A凝析气田叠前各向异性参数γ反演结果
a. 各向异性参数γ属性（0~800 m）；b. 各向异性参数γ属性（0~800 m）
Fig. 12. Inversion results of prestack anisotropic parameters in Bozhong A condensate field
表 1 渤中A凝析气田地层简表
Table 1. Brief table of Bozhong A condensate gas field formation
表 2 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山变质岩岩性测井识别标准
Table 2. Lithologic logging identification standard of metamorphic rocks in Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill of Bozhong A condensate gas field
岩石测井分类 常规测井响应特征 自然伽马GAPI 岩性系数f 变质二长花岗岩类 > 133 < 0.04 变质花岗闪长岩类 < 133 < 0.04 碎裂二长花岗岩类 > 133 > 0.04 碎裂花岗闪长岩类 < 133 > 0.04 
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表 3 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山侵入岩岩性测井识别标准
Table 3. Lithologic logging identification standard of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill intrusive rocks in Bozhong A condensate gas field
岩石测井分类 常规测井响应特征 自然伽马GAPI 岩性系数f 基性侵入岩 < 120 > 0.05 中性侵入岩 > 120 < 0.05
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表 4 研究区中新太古界潜山气层有效厚度确定标准
Table 4. Determination standard of effective thickness of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill gas reservoir in study area
层位 储层类型 岩性 物性 含油性 电性 定性标准 孔隙度 显示 △tg 深电阻率 纵波时差 斯通利波时差差值 （深电阻率-浅电阻率）/深电阻率 录井 常规测井 成像测井 阵列声波测井 % % Ω·m μs/ft μs/ft 新太古界 孔隙型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型 变质岩 ≥2 荧光以上 ≥19 ≤510 ≥53 ≥4 - 气测组分齐全 高阻背景下的低阻特征，三孔隙度增大及深浅侧向有一定的幅度差 直观识别潜山地层裂缝发育段 利用中心频率和斯通利波时差曲线识别裂缝发育段 裂缝型 - 荧光以上 ≥19 ≤30 000 - ≥1.5 ≥0.29
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表 5 渤中A凝析气田中新太古界潜山储层特征表
Table 5. Characteristics of Meso⁃Neoarchean buried hill reservoir in Bozhong a condensate gas field
区
块层位 地层厚度 储层厚度 储层岩性 储集类型 储层物性 非均质性 孔隙度 渗透率 m m % mD 19-6 Ar 480.6~825.4 69.4~206.3 变质岩 裂缝-孔隙型 3.1~4.4 4.7~7.5 非均质 21-2 Ar 448.0 102.7 变质岩 裂缝-孔隙型 2.9 6.5 非均质
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表 6 渤中A凝析气田宽方位地震资料储层地震相划分
Table 6. Reservoir seismic facies division of Bozhong A condensate gas field based on wide azimuth seismic data
表 7 渤中A凝析气田不同个数方程反演算法误差分析
Table 7. Error analysis of inversion algorithm for different number equations in Bozhong A condensate gas field
方程个数 理论值 反演值 相对误差分析（%） $ \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}} $ $ \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}} $ $ {\gamma }^{\left(v\right)} $ $ \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}} $ $ \frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}} $ $ {\gamma }^{\left(v\right)} $ $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\left(\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{p}}}}\right) $ $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\left(\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}{\overline{{I}_{\mathrm{s}}}}\right) $ $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\left[{\gamma }^{\left(v\right)}\right] $ 3 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.262 0.236 0.199 0 2.479 0.5 5 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.262 0.243 0.203 0 0.413 1.5 10 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.269 0.250 0.183 2.672 3.306 8.5 20 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.268 0.263 0.190 2.290 8.678 5.0 100 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.264 0.280 0.206 0.763 15.702 3.0 1000 0.262 0.242 0.20 0.267 0.279 0.212 1.908 15.289 6.0
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表 8 渤中A凝析气田生产试验区开发井地质特征和生产效果对比表
Table 8. Comparison of geological characteristics and production effects of development wells in Bozhong A condensate field
井号 生产井段（m） 气层厚度（斜厚，m） 储层净毛比 储层物性 裂缝参数统计 投产初期实际 无阻流量评价 孔隙度（%） 渗透率（mD） 裂缝密度（条/m） 裂缝开度(μm) 日产气
（104 m3）日产油（m3） 压差（MPa） 推荐无阻流量 4 4 411~4 499.8
(强凤化带)220.1 55.8 4.1 3.6 1.0~16.0, 平均5 0.2~693, 平均110 30 293 3 100 A5H 4 981~5 798
强、次凤化带)324.8 39.9 4.9 6.1 0.8~17.6, 平均4.4 1.3~7 825, 平均7 28 327 14 104 A7 4 646~4 974
(强、凤化带)296.5 69.8 4.4 3.6 0.8~17.5, 平均4.3 7.5~4 049, 平均245 27 261 9 130 A4H 4 516~4 717
(强凤化带为主)302.1 77.4 5.7 5.3 0.6~27.1, 平均5.7 5.2~888, 平均57 21 195 13 80 A6 5 046~5 565
(强、凤化带)234.0 44.5 3.8 2.4 0.8~16.3, 平均3.1 3.3~546, 平均44 15 138 16 47 A2 4 435~4 733
(强、凤化带)238.3 60.0 4.9 - 0.8~18.7, 平均4.4 1.0~1 281, 平均85 5 55 26 22 A1H 4 393~4 467
(强风化带)285.8 64.2 6.0 - 0.8~15.3, 平均4.2 4.3~946，平均95 10 62 23 30 A3 4 478~5 469
(强、次凤化带、内耳带)352.5 47.7 3.4 1.4 0.9~10.6, 平均3.6 1.0~1 214，平均72 出木产能低 合计 一 - 105 1 040 - 69
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