Segmentation Genesis Mechanism of Strike-Slip Fracture of Deep Carbonate Rocks in Tabei Area, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔北地区深层走滑断裂带的分段性特征解析是研究断裂带控储控藏的关键问题，对推动深层油气勘探开发具有重要意义.从哈拉哈塘断裂带发育特征与地震资料解释成果相融合的角度出发，通过精细刻画哈15走滑断裂带结构及构造样式，讨论塔北哈拉哈塘地区哈15断裂带的分段性特征.在明确了塔北地区断裂带走滑运动特征和应力状态的基础上，以库伦-安德森纯剪模型和里德尔单剪模型为框架，根据断裂带局部应力状态，结合格里菲斯和库伦-莫尔等岩石破裂准则合理解释了深层走滑断裂次级R’剪破裂和T张破裂有序发育的成因机理.最终根据哈15断裂带的构造解析，建立了被动走滑构造环境下的汇聚型走滑断层及派生构造发育典型模型.区域挤压应力衰减以及三向应力状态的转变是走滑断裂分段性的主要原因，沿挤压应力方向可划分为压扭区、扭动区和张扭区，可细分为线性紧闭断层组合带、直线型辫状构造带、对称羽状断层带、伸展/挤压叠覆带或斜向拉分地块以及马尾状断层组合带等.Abstract: The segmental characteristics of the deep strike-slip fault zone in the Tarim Basin are the key issues in the study of fault zone reservoir control, which is of great significance for promoting deep oil and gas exploration and development. From the perspective of the integration of the development characteristics of the Harahatang fault zone and the results of seismic data interpretation, in this study it discusses the segmentation characteristics of the Ha-15 fault zone in the Harahatang area of Tabei by carefully characterizing the structure and structural style of the Harahatang fault zone. On the basis of clarification of characteristics and stress state of the strike-slip motion of the fault zone in the north of the tower, the causal mechanism of the orderly development of secondary R' shear fracture and T-tensile fracture of deep strike-slip fracture is reasonably explained by taking the Coulomb-Anderson pure shear model and the Riddle single shear model as the framework, and combining the rock fracture criteria of Griffith and Coulomb-Moir. Finally, according to the structural analysis of the Harb-15 fault zone, a typical model of convergent strike-slip fault and derived tectonic development in the passive strike-slip tectonic environment is established. It is believed that the attenuation of regional extrusion stress and the change of three-way stress state are the main reasons for the segmentation of strike-slip fractures, which can be divided into compression torsion zone, torsion zone and tensile torsion zone along the direction of extrusion stress, and can be subdivided into linear tight closure fault combination zone, linear braided structural zone, symmetrical plume fault zone, stretch/extrusion laminate zone or oblique tensile division plot and horsetail fault combination zone.
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Key words:
- Tabei area /
- strike⁃slip segmentation /
- stress attenuation /
- rock fracture guideline /
- geomechanics
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图 1 哈拉哈塘与塔北地区区域地质概况
a. 塔里木盆地构造单元划分；b.塔北‒塔中地区区域构造图；c.哈拉哈塘地区典型地层柱状图
Fig. 1. Geological survey of Harahatang area and Tabei area
图 2 哈拉哈塘地区一间房组顶断裂平面图
a. 广义希尔伯特变换边界检测结果；b. 哈15井断裂不同段的地震剖面图；c.哈15井断裂不同段的断层组合平面图
Fig. 2. Fault plan of Upper Yijianfang Formation in Harahatang area
图 3 衰减应力环境下汇聚型走滑断层及派生构造形成机制解析图
a. 哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系共轭走滑断裂初始成因机制；b. 压扭性走滑断裂带R断层形成机制
Fig. 3. Analysis of the formation mechanism of convergent strike-slip faults and derivative structures under attenuated stress environment
图 4 汇聚型走滑断层及派生构造发育的力学机制
a. 压扭性走滑断裂带R’和T断层形成机制；b. 压扭性走滑断裂带P断层形成机制；c. 压扭性走滑断裂带PDZ主走滑带形成机制
Fig. 4. Mechanical mechanism of convergent strike-slip faults and derived structural development
图 5 汇聚型走滑断层及派生构造发育典型模型
图中分层显示是为了构造样式的直观性，不具有深度概念
Fig. 5. Typical model of convergent strike-slip fault and derived structure development
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