Investigation and Research Status of Devonian in Morocco, NW Africa
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摘要: 摩洛哥泥盆系因其丰富的化石资源，在地质学尤其是古生物学领域享有盛誉，产出三叶虫、头足类、珊瑚、腕足类、牙形石、鱼类和植物等，化石的保存通常非常完好.这些化石为厘清地层序列，分析生物群落、古环境及关键地质事件等提供了重要的依据.此外，摩洛哥具有独特的古地理位置，查明泥盆纪的岩石和生物类型及其时空分布，有助于更好地重建冈瓦纳古陆和劳俄古陆间海洋系统的演化过程.通过对已有文献资料的调研和系统梳理，回顾了摩洛哥地质调查的历史，分析了泥盆纪研究的3个主要阶段，近年来以多学科综合、跨地区合作为主要发展趋势，在古生物、古地理和古气候研究中取得了大量新发现新认识，充分利用好这座化石宝库，将有助于更好理解地球的演化历史和应对当今的生物多样性危机和环境问题.Abstract: The Moroccan Devonian is renowned in the fields of geology, especially in paleontology, for its abundant and well-preserved fossils, which have yielded trilobites, cephalopods, corals, brachiopods, conodonts, fishes, and plants. These fossils provide valuable evidence for clarifying stratigraphic sequences, ascertaining fossil communities, paleoenvironments and geological events. Moreover, due to Morocco's unique paleogeographic location in the Devonian, the identification of rock associations, biotic provinces and their spatiotemporal distribution contributes to the reconstruction of the ocean systems between Gondwana and Laurussia. In this article it reviews the history of Morocco geological surveys and discusses the three main stages of Morocco Devonian research. In recent years, interdisciplinary study and cross-regional cooperation have emerged as the main development trends. Significant new discoveries and insights have been made in the fields of paleontology, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology by leveraging the abundant fossil resources in Morocco. Making full use of this treasure trove of fossils will help to better understand the evolutionary history of the earth and deal with today's biodiversity crisis and environmental problems.
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Key words:
- Morocco /
- Devonian /
- stratigraphic correlation /
- paleontology /
- geological evolution /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 摩洛哥泥盆纪古地理重建位置示意图、构造单元划分、金钉子(GSSP)及中国参与调查图幅分布情况
古地理重建图据Deep Time Maps，
https://deeptimemaps.com 修改Fig. 1. The location of Morocco in reconstruction map of Devonian paleogeography, the division of tectonic units, the distribution of the GSSPs and Chinese geologists' involvement in survey map sheets
图 2 摩洛哥Meseta/Atlas泥盆系分布
据Becker and El Hassani(2020)修改. 1.Rabat；2.Oulmès region；3.Oued Cherrat；4.Al Attamna；5.Benahmed；6.Rehamna；7.Eastern Jebilet；8.Ziar；9.Azrou；10.Skoura region；11.Tisdafine Basin；12. High Altas
Fig. 2. Distribution of Devonian strata in the Moroccan Meseta/Atlas
图 3 各年份发表与“摩洛哥泥盆系”相关SCI论文量
Fig. 3. Numbers of SCI papers related to the Devonian in Morocco published in each year
图 4 1945年至今不同学科发表的关于“摩洛哥泥盆纪”研究主题SCI论文数量
Fig. 4. Numbers of SCI papers related to the Devonian of Morocco published in different disciplines from 1945 to present
图 5 不同国家研究机构“摩洛哥泥盆纪”研究主题SCI论文发表量
Fig. 5. Numbers of SCI papers related to research topics on the Devonian of Morocco published by research institutions from different countries
图 6 Anti-Atlas泥盆系(a)和东Anti-Atlas泥盆系(b)分布
图a据Garcia-Alcalde and El Hassani，2020修改；图b据Bault et al.，2022修改
Fig. 6. Distribution of the Anti-Atlas Devonian strata(a) and the eastern Anti-Atlas Devonian strata(b)
图 7 摩洛哥Anti-Atlas泥盆系地层划分和对比
岩石单元据Becker et al.(2004c，2018)
Fig. 7. Stratigraphy and comparison of Devonian in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco
图 8 Hamar Laghdad碳酸盐岩泥丘建造卫星图(a)和景观图(b)
图a来自谷歌地球影像
Fig. 8. Satellite (a) and landscape (b) views of the Hamar Laghdad carbonate buildups
图 9 西Anti-Atlas Dra Valley地区地质简图(据Becker et al., 2004b修改)
Fig. 9. Geological map of the Dra Valley in western Anti-Atlas (modified from Becker et al., 2004b)
图 10 摩洛哥West Meseta泥盆系地层划分和对比情况
据Hollard(1967)，Kaiser et al.(2007)，Becker er al.(2020a，2020b，2021a，2021b，2021c)和Eichholt et al.(2021)汇编和修改
Fig. 10. Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the West Meseta Devonian in Morocco
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