Segmentation of Cenozoic Development and Evolution of Southern Fault Zone in Zhu-3 Depression and Its Response to Regional Tectonic Setting
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摘要: 为明确珠三拗陷南断裂带新生代发育演化过程的分段性，揭示其动力学成因机制.基于高精度的三维地震资料，对南断裂带几何学、运动学特征进行了系统精细解析，进一步结合前人研究成果探讨了南断裂带分段演化对区域构造背景的响应.结果表明：南断裂带走向上存在明显的分段性，不同分段的产状、与次级断裂的组合关系、下降盘沉积地层等均存在差异，整体可以分为两支六段.南断裂带新生代构造演化可以划分为3个阶段：古新世-中始新世分段复活、孤立生长，活动强度相对较弱；晚始新世-渐新世断层活动增强、逐渐连接，文昌C凹段在该时期停止活动，文昌B凹北段发生构造反转；中新世至今断层活动强度降低，分段性重新显现、逐渐消亡.新生代太平洋板块俯冲方向及速率转变、印度-欧亚板块的碰撞、菲律宾海板块的楔入、古南海的俯冲消亡和新南海的扩张等复杂的构造运动导致了南海北部陆缘新生代区域伸展方向的转变，南断裂新生代发育演化特征的分段性体现了晚中生代先存断裂系统与新生代区域伸展方向转变的共同控制作用.Abstract: In order to clarify the segmentation of the Cenozoic development and evolution and reveal the dynamical genetic mechanism of the southern fault zone in Zhu-3 depression, we analyze the geometric and kinematic features of the southern fault zone, and discuss the response of the segmental evolution of the southern fault zone to the regional tectonic background in conjunction with the results of previous research. The results show that there are obvious segmentation in the southern fault zone, and there are differences in the geometry, combination with secondary faults, and sedimentary stratigraphy of the descending plate in different segments, which can be divided into two branches and six segments. The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern fault zone can be divided into three stages: reactivation in segment and grew in isolation with relatively weak activity during Paleocene-Middle Eocene; the fault activity increased and gradually connected, and the Wenchang C sag segment stopped activation and the Wenchang B sag northern segment underwent tectonic inversion during the Late Eocene-Oligocene; the fault activity decreased significantly and the segmentation reappeared and gradually died out from the Miocene to present. The complex tectonic movement such as the subduction direction and rate change of the Pacific plate, the collision of the Indian-Eurasian plate, the wedge of the Philippine Sea plate, the subduction and extinction of the ancient South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea led to the change of the Cenozoic regional extension direction of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. The segmentation of the Cenozoic development and evolution characteristics of the southern fault zone reflects the joint control of the pre-existing fault system in the Late Mesozoic and the change of the Cenozoic regional extension direction.
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图 1 珠三拗陷区域构造位置及构造单元区划和主要断层分布
a.据Li et al.(2019)修改; b位置见图a中黑框区域
Fig. 1. Regional tectonic location and distribution of tectonic units and major faults of the Zhu-3 depression
图 2 珠三拗陷南断裂带的分段特征
a.1 600 ms水平相干切片；b.珠江组底界三维立体显示；图中红色虚线表示断层分段位置
Fig. 2. Segmentation characteristics of the southern fault zone in Zhu-3 depression
图 3 南断裂带不同分段剖面特征
a.文昌C凹段; b.北部残凹段; c.文昌B凹南段; d.文昌B凹北段; e.文昌A凹南段; f.文昌A凹北段; 图中剖面位置见图 2
Fig. 3. Profile Characteristics of different segmentations of the southern fault zone
图 4 南断裂带新生代各演化阶段不同分段的垂向活动速率
a.断层垂向活动速率的计算方法(Dh为上盘地层垂向厚度，Df为下盘地层垂向厚度，则A时期断层落差：H=Dh-Df，A时期断层活动速率：VA=H/tA，tA为A地层沉积时间)；b.南断裂带文昌C凹段；c.南断裂带北部残凹段；d.南断裂带文昌B南段-文昌A凹北段
Fig. 4. Vertical activity rates of different segmentations of Cenozoic evolutionary stages of southern fault zone
图 5 珠三拗陷新生界残留地层厚度等值线图
a.神狐-文昌组；b.恩平组；c.珠海组；d.珠江组；e.韩江组及以上
Fig. 5. Contour maps of the residual stratigraphic thickness of each layer of Cenozoic in Zhu-3 depression
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