Kinetics of Nitrification and Denitrification in Hyporheic Zone Sediment with Periodical Supply of Nitrogen
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摘要: 河流潜流带最显著的特征是河水和地下水周期性交替导致的水化学成分的动态变化，且周期间的间隔长短不一；潜流带是脱氮热区，其硝化和反硝化微生物对这种周期性变化的响应规律决定着潜流带脱氮效率.据此，时间间隔不同多次供给不同氮素、DO等，研究多周期内硝化、反硝化动力学规律.第1周期的硝化、反硝化速率较慢，有明显迟滞期；后续的第2和第3周期，无论底物投加间隔时间长短，硝化和反硝化未观察到明显迟滞期，反应速率均加快，且功能菌数量增加，但是功能菌数量和间隔时间成反比.硝态氮起始浓度会明显影响亚硝态氮动力学过程.硝化和反硝化菌数量增加及长时间维持高反应活性，是潜流带高效脱氮机制之一.Abstract: The most significant feature of the river hyporheic zone is the dynamic change of water chemical composition caused by the periodical alternation of river water and groundwater, and the interval between periods is different. The hyporheic zone is a denitrification hot zone, and the response law of nitrification and denitrifying microorganisms to this periodical change determines the nitrogen removal efficiency of the hyporheic zone. According to this, different nitrogen, DO, etc. were supplied multiple times at different intervals to study the kinetics of nitrification and denitrification in multiple cycles. The nitrification and denitrification rates in the first cycle were slow, and there was an obvious hysteresis period. In the subsequent second and third cycles, regardless of the length of substrate dosing interval, no significant hysteresis period was observed for nitrification and denitrification, the reaction rate was accelerated, and the number of functional bacteria increased, but the number of functional bacteria was inversely proportional to the interval time. The initial concentration of nitrate nitrogen significantly affects the nitrous nitrogen kinetic process. The increase in the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and the maintenance of high reactivity for a long time are one of the efficient nitrogen removal mechanisms in the hyporheic zone.
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Key words:
- periodical supply of nitrogen /
- hyporheic zone sediment /
- nitrification /
- denitrification /
- kinetics /
- geochemistry
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图 2 低硝态氮供给条件下沉积物反硝化动力学特征
Fig. 2. Kinetic characteristics of sediment denitrification under low nitrate nitrogen supply conditions
图 3 高硝态氮供给条件下沉积物反硝化动力学特征
Fig. 3. Kinetic characteristics of sediment denitrification under high nitrate nitrogen supply conditions
图 4 反硝化反应结束后沉积物中反硝化菌数目
Fig. 4. Number of denitrifying bacteria in sediment after the end of denitrification reaction
图 5 与空气连通条件下沉积物硝化反应动力学过程
Fig. 5. Kinetic process of sediment nitration reaction under air-connected conditions
图 6 与空气隔绝条件下沉积物硝化反应动力学过程
Fig. 6. Kinetic process of sediment nitration reaction under air isolation
图 7 反应结束后沉积物中氨氧化菌数目
Fig. 7. Number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in sediment after the end of the reaction
表 1 实验设计
Table 1. Experimental design
实验名称 用水类型 氮素
类型氮浓度
（mg/L）C/N 供氧 周期间隔（d） 周期数 硝态氮周期供给反硝化实验 GW 硝态氮 23.1 2.09 厌氧 0、2、4、8、16 2 GW 硝态氮 100.0 2.09 厌氧 0、8、16 3 氨氮周期供给硝化实验 RW 氨氮 10.0 - 开口 0、2、8、16 3 RW 氨氮 10.0 - 密封 0、2、8、16 3 注：GW为地下水模拟液，RW为河水模拟液. 
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表 2 GW配方
Table 2. GW formulation
药品 Mg(NO3)2•6H2O MgCl2•6H2O KNO3 MgSO4•7H2O Ca(HCO3)2 NaHCO3 浓度（mg/L） 9.00 162.83 0.21 87.74 716.31 79.39
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表 3 RW配方
Table 3. RW formulation
药品 Mg(NO3)2•6H2O Na2SO4 NaCl KNO3 MgSO4•7H2O Ca(HCO3)2 NaHCO3 浓度（mg/L） 8.68 6.46 7.64 2.21 64.32 155.03 15.21
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表 4 反硝化反应结束后各组沉积物中三氮含量
Table 4. Trinitrogen content in sediments after the completion of denitrification reaction
反硝化实验 沉积物组别 三氮含量(mg/kg) NO3--N NO2--N NH4+-N 低硝态氮供给 原沉积物 0.157 - 1.021 间隔0 d 0.054 - 0.290 间隔2 d 0.129 - 0.965 间隔4 d 0.043 - 1.047 间隔8 d 0.215 0.022 1.473 间隔16 d 0.248 0.026 1.308 高硝态氮供给 间隔0 d 0.411 - 1.171 间隔8 d 0.405 - 1.212 间隔16 d 0.301 - 1.776 注：表中三氮含量为3个平行样的平均值，“-”表示低于亚硝酸盐方法检出限.
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表 5 硝化反应结束后各组沉积物中三氮含量
Table 5. Trinitrogen content in sediments after the nitrification reaction is completed
溶解氧 组别 三氮含量(mg/kg) NO3--N NO2--N NH4+-N 与空气联通DO饱和 原沉积物 0.16 - 1.02 间隔0 d 0.35 0.03 0.17 间隔2 d 0.37 - 0.55 间隔8 d 0.68 0.03 1.07 间隔16 d 0.9 - 1.13 与空气隔绝DO下降 间隔0 d 1 0.02 0.46 间隔2 d 0.92 - 0.35 间隔16 d 1.02 - 0.48 注：表中三氮含量为3个平行样的平均值，“-”表示低于亚硝酸盐方法检出限.
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