Effect of Thermal Fluid Activity on Reservoirs in W16 Structure of Laizhou Bay Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地莱州湾凹陷古近系沙河组混积岩发育的优质储层的成因机理尚不明确.采用流体包裹体测温、镜质体反射率以及岩石学观察，结合实测物性，研究了沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩-陆源碎屑岩-火山岩所构成的复杂混积背景下的热流体活动对储层改造作用.异常高的包裹体均一温度和镜质体反射率以及包裹体的高古盐度指示深部热卤水的活动.储层广泛存在酸性溶蚀：凝灰岩和泥晶白云岩填隙物以及长石颗粒等存在大量次生溶蚀孔，且常见粒缘缝，这可能是岩浆活动驱动的高压酸性热液入侵造成的淋滤和水力破裂.流体温压下降，热液矿物沉淀导致了储层强烈致密化.总体上，热液对该区储层改造可产生建设性和破坏性两种效应，在一定程度上强化了储层物性的空间分异.Abstract: Genetic mechanism of the high-quality reservoirs developed by the Paleogene Shahejie Formation mixed rock in the Laizhouwan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin is still unclear. Based on fluid inclusion, vitrinite reflectance and petrological observation, combined with measured physical properties, it studies the effects of thermal fluid activities on reservoir under the complex mixing background of lacustrine carbonate rocks, terrigenous clastic rocks and volcanic rocks in the Shahejie Formation. The high homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions, vitrinite reflectance, and paleo-salinity of fluid inclusions indicate the activity of deep hot brines. Acid dissolution exists widely in the reservoir: There are a large number of secondary dissolution pores in tuff, micrite dolomite interstitials and feldspar grains, and the common grain margin fractures, which may be caused by the intrusion of high pressure acid hydrothermal solution driven by magmatic activity. As the fluid temperature pressure drops, hydrothermal mineral precipitation also resulted in a strong and dense reservoir. In general, hydrothermal can produce both constructive and destructive effects on the reservoir, which strengthens the spatial differentiation of reservoir physical properties to a certain extent.
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Key words:
- hydrothermal fluid /
- diagenesis /
- high-quality reservoir /
- Laizhou Bay Sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 莱州湾凹陷以及次级构造单元的区域地质位置（a）、地层柱状图（b）和过W16构造的地质剖面(c)
Fig. 1. Regional geological location maps of the Laizhou Bay Sag and sub-structural units (a), stratigraphic column (b), and geological profile across the W16 structure(c)
图 2 莱州湾凹陷W16和E17构造的镜质体反射率演化趋势
Fig. 2. Plots of depth vs. vitrinite reflectance data of the W16 and E17 structures, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 3 莱州湾凹陷W16构造沙三-沙四段储层中流体包裹体显微照片
Fig. 3. Micrographs of fluid inclusions in the Es3 and Es4 reservoirs of the W16 structure, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 4 莱州湾凹陷W16-2井7块样品（936.0~989.5 m）的流体包裹体显微测温直方图
Fig. 4. Histograms of fluid-inclusion microthermometric data for 7 samples at 936-989.5 m in Well W16-2, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 5 莱州湾凹陷W16构造沙三-沙四段储层的溶蚀作用
a. W16-2井，1 017.5 m，铸体薄片，凝灰质填隙物的溶蚀缝；b. W16-8井，1 356.5 m，铸体薄片，凝灰质填隙物的溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝；c. W16-8井，1 248.0 m，铸体薄片，无定向水力破裂缝；d. W16-8井，1 401.5 m，铸体薄片，粒缘缝；e. W16-9井，1 610.0 m，铸体薄片，长石粒内溶孔；f. W16-7井，1 710.9 m，扫描电镜，长石蜂窝状溶蚀小孔；g~h. W16-8井，1 248.0 m，铸体薄片，粒间的泥晶白云石溶蚀孔
Fig. 5. Corrosion in the Es3 and Es4 reservoirs in the W16 structure, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 6 莱州湾凹陷W16构造沙三-沙四段储层中热液矿物组合
a.W16-10井，1 882.0 m，铸体薄片，方解石脉；b. W16-4井1 504.0 m，阴极发光照片，发红色阴极光的方解石充填了长石次生溶蚀孔；c. W16-4井，1 456.0 m，阴极发光照片，发红色阴极光的方解石充填了粒间孔；d. W16-2井，975.36 m，铸体薄片，方解石形成连晶胶结；e. W16-8井，1 340.5 m，扫描电镜，自形的方解石晶体；f. W16-2井，1 239.0 m，铸体薄片，白云石胶结物充填了粒间孔隙；g. W16-8井，1 260.0 m，自形的白云石晶体；h. W16-4井，1 628.0 m，玫瑰花状的自生绿泥石矿物；i. W16-4井，1 525.0 m，石盐晶体；j. W16-2，973.5 m，铸体薄片，球状黄铁矿充填粒间孔；k. W16-2井，973.54 m，扫描电镜，近球状的黄铁矿；l. W16-2井，1 239.0 m，铸体薄片，裂缝充填黄铁矿和方解石
Fig. 6. Hydrothermal mineral assemblages in the Es3 and Es4 reservoirs of the W16 structure, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 7 W16-7井沙四段硅质砂岩和凝灰质砾岩以及中生界凝灰岩和火山角砾岩的实测孔隙度
Fig. 7. Plot for depth vs. measured porosity data of siliceous sandstone and tuffaceous conglomerate in the Es4 reservoirs and the Mesozoic tuff and volcanic breccia rocks in Well W16-7
图 8 莱州湾凹陷W16构造沙四段储层热液硅化
a.W16-10井，1 882 m，普通薄片，硅质脉；b. W16-6井，1 658.5 m，铸体薄片，硅质脉；c.W16-4井，1 610.0 m，扫描电镜，自形石英晶体；d. W16-10井，1 789.5 m，普通薄片，石英加大边；e.W16-7井，1 676.0 m，普通薄片，石英加大边；f. W16-7井，1 684.0 m，普通薄片，石英加大边；g-h. W16-7井，1 711.5 m，普通薄片-阴极发光，凝灰质砾岩
Fig. 8. Hydrothermal silicification of the Es4 reservoirs of the W16 structure, Laizhou Bay Sag
图 9 莱州湾凹陷W16构造储层热液对储层的改造机制模式
Fig. 9. Model of reservoir modification by hydrothermal fluid in W16 structure, Laizhou Bay Sag
表 1 W16-7井沙河街组和中生界岩心实测孔隙度数据
Table 1. Measured porosity data of drill cores in the Shahejie and Mesozoic formations in well W16-7
岩性 深度(m) 孔隙度(%) 岩性 深度(m) 孔隙度(%) 硅质细砂岩 1 643.0 9.4 硅质细砂岩 1 689.0 13.4 硅质细砂岩 1 644.0 14.4 硅质细砂岩 1 690.5 15.7 硅质细砂岩 1 645.0 16.4 硅质细砂岩 1 692.0 18.6 硅质细砂岩 1 646.0 8.4 硅质细砂岩 1 694.0 15.7 硅质细砂岩 1 647.0 18.9 硅质细砂岩 1 696.0 25.3 硅质细砂岩 1 648.0 16.6 凝灰质砾岩 1 697.5 30.7 硅质细砂岩 1 649.0 10.1 凝灰质砾岩 1 698.0 28.9 硅质细砂岩 1 651.0 2.7 凝灰质砾岩 1 705.5 19.1 硅质细砂岩 1 652.0 1.7 凝灰质砾岩 1 707.0 32.0 硅质细砂岩 1 653.3 1.0 凝灰质砾岩 1 709.0 35.9 硅质细砂岩 1 654.0 5.6 凝灰质砾岩 1 716.5 19.8 硅质细砂岩 1 656.0 6.9 凝灰质砾岩 1 722.0 19.7 硅质细砂岩 1 657.0 12.2 凝灰质砾岩 1 727.5 6.1 硅质细砂岩 1 658.0 4.4 凝灰质砾岩 1 728.5 17.9 硅质细砂岩 1 659.0 5.2 凝灰质砾岩 1 730.0 15.9 硅质细砂岩 1 660.5 3.8 凝灰质砾岩 1 731.5 16.9 硅质细砂岩 1 661.7 7.6 凝灰质砾岩 1 732.0 30.3 硅质细砂岩 1 662.0 5.9 凝灰岩 1 733.5 7.4 硅质细砂岩 1 663.0 11.2 火山角砾岩 1 735.0 13.7 硅质细砂岩 1 665.0 6.6 火山角砾岩 1 737.0 10.5 硅质细砂岩 1 666.0 7.3 火山角砾岩 1 740.0 15.3 硅质细砂岩 1 667.0 9.2 火山角砾岩 1 741.5 11.4 硅质细砂岩 1 668.0 4.8 火山角砾岩 1 743.5 8.9 硅质细砂岩 1 669.0 10.5 凝灰岩 1 746.0 12.9 硅质细砂岩 1 670.0 8.6 火山角砾岩 1 747.5 9.2 硅质细砂岩 1 671.0 8.0 火山角砾岩 1 748.5 14.8 硅质细砂岩 1 672.0 6.3 火山角砾岩 1 750.0 29.1 硅质细砂岩 1 673.0 6.1 火山角砾岩 1 754.5 17.8 硅质细砂岩 1 674.0 3.5 火山角砾岩 1 762.5 30.3 硅质细砂岩 1 675.0 4.6 火山角砾岩 1 764.0 14.1 硅质细砂岩 1 676.0 4.0 火山角砾岩 1 767.0 16.9 硅质细砂岩 1 677.5 5.1 火山角砾岩 1 772.0 29.5 硅质细砂岩 1 679.0 4.0 火山角砾岩 1 775.0 17.2 硅质细砂岩 1 680.0 1.5 凝灰岩 1 779.0 10.5 硅质细砂岩 1 681.0 10.9 火山角砾岩 1 781.0 14.3 硅质细砂岩 1 682.0 2.9 火山角砾岩 1 783.0 13.4 硅质细砂岩 1 683.0 3.1 火山角砾岩 1 786.5 7.0 硅质细砂岩 1 684.0 6.1 火山角砾岩 1 787.5 27.4 硅质细砂岩 1 685.0 20.2 火山角砾岩 1 789.0 10.9 硅质细砂岩 1 687.5 16.7 凝灰岩 1 798.0 31.1 
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