A Study on Hydrocarbon Sources and Accumulation Time in the Northern Fault Zone, Songnan-Baodao Sag of Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 琼东南盆地松南-宝岛凹陷北部断阶带发现多个含气构造，对该区带油气来源等认识存在很大争议，深水区烃源岩规模研究方面还比较薄弱，阻碍了下一步勘探方向的决策.采集了研究区共84个泥岩、7个天然气、3个原油样品进行岩石热解、干酪根同位素、生物标志化合物、天然气轻烃与碳同位素等分析，系统对比研究区不同层系烃源岩地化特征，认为松南-宝岛凹陷北部断阶带油气来源于崖城组海相泥岩，以陆源有机质的生烃贡献最大. 结合古环境、古生物与显微组分分析推测崖城组整体为浅海沉积，有利于好烃源岩的形成，在此基础上通过地震相的精细刻画厘清研究区崖城组烃源岩分布特征，结果表明研究区崖城组发育大规模煤系三角洲-浅海相沉积体系，其中前三角洲亚相、浅海相是好烃源岩主要赋存单元，烃源岩沿近凹断阶带分布. 流体包裹体证据表明，松南-宝岛凹陷北部断阶带深水区至少存在两期烃类充注，主要成藏的是晚期高熟煤型气(7.8 Ma之后)，证实煤系三角洲-浅海相沉积体系下发育的烃源岩能够为油气成藏提供充足的烃类，晚期更容易大量生成天然气，其东侧的深水区断阶带存在类似的烃源岩分布、热演化特征及输导体系，应是下一步天然气勘探首选.Abstract: A number of gas-bearing structures were discovered in the northern fault zone of Songnan-Baodao Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin, but great disputes on the understanding of hydrocarbon source in the northern fault zone, the research on the scale of source rocks in deep-water is still weak, which hindered the decision of the next exploration direction. A total of 84 mudstone, 7 natrual gases, 3 crudoil samples from the study area were collected for rock pyrolysis, kerrogen carbon isotope, biomarkers, light hydrocarbon and carbon isotope analysis of natural gas in this paper, Geochemical characteristics of source rock from different strata in the study area systematic comparison, it is believed that the oil and gas in the norhern fault-step zone of Songnan-Baodao depression derived from marine mudstone of yacheng formation, and land-based organic hydrocarbon generation is dominant, combined with the paleoenvironment paleontology and microscopic components analysis, it is predicted that the whole yacheng formation is a shallow sea sedimentary environment, and conductive to the enrichment of organic matter form good source rocks, On this basis, the distribution characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of the yacheng formation in the study area are clarified through the seismic facies. The results show that the yacheng formation in the study area develop a large-scale coal-bearing delta、marine sedimentary system, which is the main occurrence unit of good hydrocarbon source rocks, distributed along the near concave and fault step zone. Fluid inclusion evidence shows that there are at least two stages of hydrocarbon filling in the deep-water area of the northern fault step zone of Songnan-Baodao depression, and the main accumulation is the high mature coal-type gas. It is confirmed that source rocks deposited on the coal-bearing delta and marine facies have rich gas supply, and a large amount of natural gas will be easier generated in the later stage, it is speculated that there are similar source rock distribution, thermal evolution characteristics and transport system in the fault step zone of deep-water area on the east side, which should be the first choice for next natural gas exploration.
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图 3 δ13CH4与C1/(C2+C3)判断天然气成因图
底图据戴金星(1993)
Fig. 3. δ13CH4与C1/(C2+C3) to determine the genetic map of natural gas
图 4 琼东南盆地天然气δ13C2、δ13C3对比图
Fig. 4. Qiongdongnan Basin Natural Gas δ13C2、δ13C3 Comparison Chart
图 5 琼东南盆地渐新统(a)与中新统(b)泥岩干酪根碳同位素直方图
Fig. 5. Histogram of kerogen carbon isotopes of oligocene(a) and miocene(b) in mudstone of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 6 BDA断阶带凝析油与烃源岩甾萜烷对比图
OL为奥利烷；C30H为C30霍烷；C27、C28、C29为ααα-20R构型规则甾烷；W、T为双杜松烷
Fig. 6. Comparison diagram of steranes、terpanes between condensate and source rocks
图 8 BDA/BDC断阶带崖城组烃源岩地震相剖面图
Fig. 8. Seismic facies profile of yacheng formation source rocks in BDA/BDC fault zone
图 9 松南-宝岛凹陷崖一段-崖二段古地貌与三角洲叠合图(a)崖三段古地貌与三角洲叠合图(b)
Fig. 9. Overlapping map of ancient landform and delta of YC1-YC2 formation in Songnan-Baodao depression(a) and overlapping map of ancient landform and delta of YC3 formation(b)
图 10 松南-宝岛凹陷崖城组顶不同时期成熟度图
Fig. 10. Maturity map of the yacheng formation top surface at different stages in Songnan-Baodao sag
图 11 北部断阶带周边洼陷崖城组不同时期生成天然气甲烷碳同位素特征图
Fig. 11. Carbon isotope characteristics of natural gas generated in yacheng formation of depression around northern fault zone at different periods
图 12 松南-宝岛凹陷烃源岩顶面构造形态(a)与松南-宝岛凹陷陵二段油气运移流线图(b)
Fig. 12. Structural of Source rock top surface in Songnan-Baodao Sag(a) and hydrocarbon migration steamline map of the LS2 formation in Songnan-Baodao Depression(b)
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