Vertical Distribution of Methane-Metabolizing Microorganisms and Molecular Ecological Networks in Dajiuhu Peatland, Shennongjia
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摘要: 为了探讨产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落随土壤深度的垂直分布特征及甲烷代谢菌对环境的响应机制，于2019年4个季度采集大九湖泥炭地0 cm、10 cm、30 cm和50 cm的土壤样品.通过功能基因高通量测序获得产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落结构组成并构建分子生态网络.产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的最大优势属分别为Methanoregula和Methylocapsa；产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落生态网络结构及其共现模式随深度发生变化，产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落结构随深度呈相反的变化趋势；产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌网络中关键物种分别有3个和4个，分别为Methanoregula、Methanocella、Methanobacterium和Methylocapsa、Candidatus Methyloumidiphilus、Methylocystis、Candidatus Methylospira.表明环境因子土壤总碳、总氮、铵态氮和亚硝态氮含量等环境因子通过影响产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落进而改变CH4排放.Abstract: Soil samples, at the depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm, were collected from the Dajiuhu peatland for four quarters in 2019 to investigate the distribution patterns of methanogens and methanotrophs in vertical profile and their response to the abiotic environment. High-through put sequencing was implemented to analyze the community structure of methanogens and methanotrophs, then construct molecular ecological networks. Methanoregula and Methylocapsa were found as the largest dominant genus of methanogens and methanotrophs in the Dajiuhu peatland. The ecological networks of methanogens and methanotrophs and their synergism varied with depth, and the opposite situation was observed in methanogens and methanogens. Moreover, Methanoregula, Methanocella, Methanobacterium were identified as key species in the methanogenic community, and 4 key species of methanotrophs were Methylocapsa, Candidatus Methyloumidiphilus, Methylocystis, Candidatus Methylospira. The results demonstrated that total carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrite could affect the structure of methanogens and methanogens, thereby controlling CH4 emissions in the Dajiuhu peatland.
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Key words:
- peatland /
- methanogens /
- methanotrophs /
- ecological network /
- CH4 flux /
- geochemistry
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图 1 属水平上产甲烷菌(a)和甲烷氧化菌(b)群落组成及丰度
Fig. 1. Community composition and relative abundance of methanogenus (a) and methanotrophs (b) at genus level
图 2 不同深度产甲烷菌(a)和甲烷氧化菌(b)群落分子生态网络
每个颜色的节点表示一种属级别的物种，红色连接线表示正相关性，绿色连接线表示负相关性
Fig. 2. Molecular ecological networks of methanogenic (a) and methanotrophic (b) communities at different depths
图 3 不同土层产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌相互作用网络图
Fig. 3. The interactions between methanogens and methanotrophs in different soil depths
图 4 网络中产甲烷菌(a)和甲烷氧化菌(b)OTU的比例
Fig. 4. The proportions of methanogenic (a) and methanotrophic (b) OTUs in networks
图 5 产甲烷菌(a)和甲烷氧化菌(b)的拓扑角色
Fig. 5. Topological roles of methanogens (a) and methanotrophs (b)
图 6 产甲烷菌(a)和甲烷氧化菌(b)群落与CH4通量、土壤土壤理化性质间的冗余分析
Fig. 6. Redundancy analysis based on the communities of methanogenes (a) and methanotrophs (b) with CH4 fluxes and soil physicochemical properties
表 1 产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落Shannon和Chao1指数
Table 1. Shannon and Chao1 indices of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities
样品 产甲烷菌 甲烷氧化菌 Shannon指数 Chao1指数 Shannon指数 Chao1指数 Win.0 cm 3.49 3.465 0 631.92 715.382 5 5.05 4.695 0 1 256.88 983.367 5 Spr.0 cm 4.08 919.04 5.03 1 016.39 Sum.0 cm 3.20 677.52 4.93 1 230.28 Fal.0 cm 3.09 633.05 3.77 429.92 Win.10 cm 3.87 3.887 5 1 032.84 1 051.002 5 4.87 4.547 5 1 141.40 993.625 0 Spr.10 cm 4.03 1 115.40 5.37 1 164.49 Sum.10 cm 4.67 1 304.54 3.63 884.67 Fal.10 cm 2.98 751.23 4.32 783.94 Win.30 cm 4.45 4.637 5 1 166.73 1 250.890 0 3.95 3.732 5 969.21 844.750 0 Spr.30 cm 4.98 1 456.76 4.39 1 035.77 Sum.30 cm 4.55 1 025.22 3.3 748.17 Fal.30 cm 4.57 1 354.85 3.29 625.85 Win.50 cm 4.63 4.355 0 1 196.64 1 197.137 5 2.99 3.655 0 431.53 705.557 5 Spr.50 cm 4.20 1 225.42 4.14 855.45 Sum.50 cm 3.94 980.39 4.09 766.55 Fal.50 cm 4.65 1 386.10 3.4 768.70 
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表 2 不同土层产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌分子生态网络的拓扑参数
Table 2. Topological parameters of the methanogenic and methanotrophic molecular ecological networks in different soil depths
代谢菌群 深度(cm) 节点数 连接数 正边数 负边数 平均聚类系数 平均度 网络直径 平均路径长度 网络密度 模块性 产甲烷菌 0 412 1 932 1 129 803 0.226 9.379 10 3.889 0.023 0.668 10 442 2 576 1 651 925 0.236 11.656 14 4.255 0.026 0.547 30 338 2 082 1 290 792 0.244 12.320 15 4.707 0.037 0.454 50 354 2 627 1 634 993 0.325 14.842 13 3.737 0.042 0.570 甲烷氧化菌 0 307 1 286 1 127 159 0.273 8.378 14 4.609 0.027 0.456 10 431 1 483 621 862 0.244 6.882 14 4.864 0.016 0.671 30 504 769 461 308 0.217 3.052 25 8.081 0.006 0.840 50 456 628 467 161 0.312 2.754 17 6.183 0.006 0.851
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