Impact of Marine Redox Conditions on Animal Evolution in Early Cambrian Nanhua Basin, South China
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摘要: 寒武纪早期海洋氧化还原状态的变化经常被用来解释早期动物的辐射和灭绝，但该机制目前并不十分清晰.对华南盆地相渣拉沟剖面开展了总有机碳含量、铁组分、主量元素和微量元素的研究.在此基础之上，将渣拉沟剖面的海水氧化还原状态与华南和西伯利亚其他剖面已发表的研究结果进行了综合对比分析.结果表明，寒武纪第二期至第三期出现了氧化水体的扩张，而寒武纪第四期海洋变得更加缺氧.寒武纪早期海洋氧化还原状态与化石记录之间的对比研究表明，寒武纪第三期海洋氧化程度的增加可能是早期动物辐射的关键因素，而寒武纪第四期海洋缺氧程度的加剧可能是早期动物多样性降低和古杯动物灭绝的直接原因.Abstract: Marine redox variations have been frequently used to explain the radiation and extinction of early animals during the Early Cambrian. However, this hypothesis remains unclear. Here, it conducted total organic carbon, iron speciation, major elements, and trace elements in the basinal Zhalagou Section. The new redox results were compared with published redox environments from the coeval other sections in South China and Siberian. The results suggest that oxic waters were intensively expanded during Cambrian Age 2-3, whereas the degree of oceanic anoxia was enhanced during Cambrian Age 4. Comparison of ocean redox states and fossils suggests that enhanced ocean oxygenation might play key roles in the radiation of early animals during Cambrian Age 2-3, but expanded ocean anoxia might have significant effects on the decreased diversification of early animals and extinction of archaeocyaths during Cambrian Age 4.
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Key words:
- iron speciation /
- trace element /
- anoxia /
- animal extinction /
- Yangtze Block /
- geochemistry
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图 1 全球寒武纪早期古地理分布(a)(Yang et al., 2015)；华南寒武纪早期古地理分布(b)(修改自Jiang et al., 2012)
1. 肖滩；2.金沙；3.中南村；4.南皋；5.渣拉沟
Fig. 1. Paleogeographic map globally during the Early Cambrian (a) (Yang et al., 2015), paleogeographic map of the Nanhua basin during the Early Cambrian (b) (Jiang et al., 2012)
图 2 华南寒武纪早期研究区域的地层对比框架
数据来源：1.肖滩(Zhu et al.，2001；Och et al.，2013)；2.金沙(尹恭正，1987；Jin et al.，2016)；3.中南村(赵元龙等，1999；Liu et al.，2020)；4.南皋(Yang et al.，2003；梅冥相等，2007)；5.渣拉沟(梅冥相等，2007；杨兴莲等，2010；本文).肖滩剖面石岩头组底部的U-Pb年龄来自附近的梅树村剖面(Compston et al.，2008).肖滩剖面玉案山组与红井哨组之间的界线年龄来自四川乐山剖面旋回地层学的研究结果(Zhang et al.，2022).Ni-Mo层的Re-Os年龄来自Xu et al.(2011).缩写：ED.埃迪卡拉纪；DY.灯影组；ZJQ.朱家箐组；MXS.明心寺组；JMC.九门冲组；BMC.变马冲组；LB.老堡组；AP.Anabarites trisulcantus-Protohertzina unguliformis；PP.Paragloborilus sublobosus-Purella squamulose；W.Watsonella crosbyi；SP. Sinosachites flabelliformis-Tannuolina zhangwentangi；P. Parabadiella huoi；H. Hupeidiscus；Ho. Hunanocephalus ovalis；Od. Oryctocarella dunyunensis
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic correlation of the study sections in the Early Cambrian Nanhua basin
图 3 渣拉沟剖面铁组分和氧化还原敏感元素分布
数据来源：空心圆数据(Li et al.，2017)；实心圆数据(本文)
Fig. 3. Iron speciation and redox-sensitive elements in the Zhalagou Section
图 4 寒武纪早期海洋氧化还原状态与早期动物演化之间的关系
a.全球(Na and Kiessling, 2015)和华南动物总数量(Li et al.，2007)；b.西伯利亚动物总数量和古杯动物数量(He et al.，2019)；c.西伯利亚δ13Ccarb和δ34SCAS数据(He et al.，2019)；d.华南海水氧化还原状态.缩写和数据来源：XT.肖滩(Och et al.，2013)；JS.金沙(Jin et al.，2016)；ZNC.中南村(Liu et al.，2020)；ZLG.渣拉沟(本文)
Fig. 4. Relationship between ocean redox conditions and evolution of early animals during the Early Cambrian
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