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    流量变化控制的辫状河心滩演化过程

    刘警阳 李伟 赵文智 岳大力 束青林 王武荣 高建 侯秀林 吴胜和

    刘警阳, 李伟, 赵文智, 岳大力, 束青林, 王武荣, 高建, 侯秀林, 吴胜和, 2024. 流量变化控制的辫状河心滩演化过程. 地球科学, 49(10): 3516-3528. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.143
    引用本文: 刘警阳, 李伟, 赵文智, 岳大力, 束青林, 王武荣, 高建, 侯秀林, 吴胜和, 2024. 流量变化控制的辫状河心滩演化过程. 地球科学, 49(10): 3516-3528. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.143
    Liu Jingyang, Li Wei, Zhao Wenzhi, Yue Dali, Shu Qinglin, Wang Wurong, Gao Jian, Hou Xiulin, Wu Shenghe, 2024. Evolution of Bars in Braided Rivers Controlled by Discharge Variability. Earth Science, 49(10): 3516-3528. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.143
    Citation: Liu Jingyang, Li Wei, Zhao Wenzhi, Yue Dali, Shu Qinglin, Wang Wurong, Gao Jian, Hou Xiulin, Wu Shenghe, 2024. Evolution of Bars in Braided Rivers Controlled by Discharge Variability. Earth Science, 49(10): 3516-3528. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.143

    流量变化控制的辫状河心滩演化过程

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.143
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 42272186

    国家自然科学基金项目 42202109

    中国博士后基金项目 BX20220351

    中国博士后基金项目 2022M713458

    中国博士后基金项目 2022M723489

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      刘警阳(1997-),男,博士研究生,从事油气田开发地质相关研究,ORCID:0000-0003-2376-329X. E-mail:liujingyang0306@163.com

      通讯作者:

      岳大力(1974-),男,教授,博士,从事油气田开发地质相关科研与教学工作,E-mail:yuedali@cup.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P512

    Evolution of Bars in Braided Rivers Controlled by Discharge Variability

    • 摘要: 流量变化控制辫状河心滩形成演化进而影响心滩内部结构和叠置样式,但目前流量变化控制的辫状河心滩沉积过程与演化特征尚不明确.利用Google Earth软件在全球范围内选取了发育辫状河沉积的13个河段,并在全球径流数据中心(GRDC)中查询整理所选河段的流量数据,通过峰值流量变异系数(CVQp)对心滩演化过程进行研究.结果表明:就流量变化程度而言,(1)低流量变化辫状河(CVQp < 0.4)心滩演化以坝尾沉积和下游迁移为主,高流量变化辫状河(CVQp > 0.4)心滩演化相对快,洪水前后原有心滩易被破坏、改造形成新的心滩,心滩冲裂现象普遍;(2)单一河流内,低流量变化辫状河心滩长宽比分布相对集中,形态较为稳定,易形成相对稳定型辫状河,而高流量变化辫状河心滩长宽比分布离散,形态各异且发育规模变化较大,易形成游荡型辫状河;(3)顺流加积在低流量变化辫状河心滩演化中较常见,因此心滩经过长时间的演化易形成复合心滩,高流量变化辫状河的洪水事件对心滩演化过程影响较强,在时间尺度上心滩演化相对复杂、规律性较差.明确辫状河在不同流量条件下的心滩演化可为辫状河储层的砂体分布预测提供模式指导,也可为古环境重建和古流量恢复提供依据.

       

    • 图  1  研究河段的地理位置

      审图号:GS(2016)1666号自然资源部监制

      Fig.  1.  Locations of the study river reaches

      图  2  低流量变化辫状河的流量参数统计

      Fig.  2.  Statistics of braided river discharge parameters with lower discharge variabilities

      图  3  低流量变化辫状河心滩演化特征(阿根廷巴拉那河Corrientes段)

      a~c.河段卫星照片;d~f. 心滩形态轮廓素描;g~i. 心滩演化过程示意

      Fig.  3.  Evolutionary characteristics of braid bars with relatively-lower discharge variabilities

      图  4  阿根廷巴拉那河心滩下游迁移特征

      红线为2014年心滩轴线,蓝线为2019年心滩轴线

      Fig.  4.  The characteristics of bar downstream migration in Paraná River, Argentina

      图  5  高流量变化辫状河流量参数统计

      Fig.  5.  Statistics of braided river discharge parameters with higher discharge variabilities

      图  6  高流量变化辫状河心滩演化特征(加拿大南萨斯喀彻温河Saskatoon段)

      a~c. 河段卫星照片;d~f. 心滩形态轮廓素描;g~i. 心滩演化过程示意

      Fig.  6.  Evolutionary characteristics of braid bars with relatively-higher discharge variabilities

      图  7  加拿大南萨斯喀彻温河心滩下游迁移特征

      红线为2012年心滩轴线,蓝线为2013年心滩轴线

      Fig.  7.  The characteristics of bar downstream migration in South Saskatchewan River, Canada

      图  8  不同流量变化辫状河心滩演化统计

      a. 辫状河心滩演化类型统计;b. 辫状河心滩演化阶段统计

      Fig.  8.  Statistics of the evolution of braid bars with different discharge variabilities

      图  9  辫状河心滩平面形态参数散点分布

      a. 低流量辫状河心滩形态参数散点分布;b. 高流量辫状河心滩形态参数散点分布

      Fig.  9.  Scattered distribution of planar morphological parameters of braid bars

      图  10  不同流量变化辫状河心滩演化模式

      a. 低流量变化辫状河心滩演化模式;b. 高流量变化辫状河心滩演化模式

      Fig.  10.  Evolution models of braid bars with different discharge variabilities

      表  1  流量变化表征参数

      Table  1.   Characterization parameters for discharge variability

      流量变化指标 计算方程
      峰值流量变异系数CVQp $ {\sigma }_{{\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{p}}}/{Q}_{{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}} $
      平均流量变异系数DVIa $ ({Q}_{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}}-{Q}_{{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}})/{Q}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}} $
      累计流量变异系数DVIc $ ({Q}_{{{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{R}}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}}-{Q}_{{{\mathrm{D}}^{\mathrm{R}}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}})/{Q}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}} $
      年流量变异系数DVIy $ [\sum\limits_{i=x}^{x+n}({Q}_{{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}-{Q}_{{\mathrm{x}}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}})/{Q}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}]/n $
      洪水强度Qpeakedness $ {Q}_{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}}/{Q}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}} $
      注:σQp为年洪峰流量标准差,QPmean为年平均洪峰流量;QWmean为平均最湿润月流量;QDmean为平均最干旱月流量;QWmeanR为有记录以来平均最湿润月流量;QDmeanR为有记录以来平均最干旱月流量;QXDaymaxx年最大日流量;QXDayminx年最小日流量;Qmean为平均流量.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  研究河段参数统计

      Table  2.   River parameters in the study river reaches

      序号 河流 位置 水文站 控制流域面积(m2 气候 测量心滩个数 测量心滩区域位置 平均洪峰流量
      (m3/s)
      标准差 CVQp
      1 亚马逊河 巴西 Santo Antonio Do Ica 1 134 540 热带雨林 20 3°58′48″S—3°43′25″S
      70°59′47″W—64°4′21″W
      68 192.99 5 928.93 0.09
      2 巴拉那河 阿根廷 Corrientes 1 950 000 潮湿亚热带 20 27°56′58″S—31°10′37″S
      58°49′29″W-59°59′46″W
      21 917.69 3 564.69 0.16
      3 马更些河 加拿大 Norman Wells 1 570 000 寒冷 20 62°4′7″N-66°48′22″N
      122°7′42″W—130°7′40″W
      18 130.50 3 444.79 0.19
      4 雅鲁藏布江 印度 Bahadurabad 636 130 亚热带季风 20 26°41′55″N—26°0′57″N
      93°39′34″E—90°1′38″E
      50 531.08 10 106.22 0.20
      5 恒河 印度 Farakka 835 000 热带季风 20 26°34′49″N—25°28′16″N
      82°39′54″E—85°56′5″E
      44 419.30 10 634.65 0.24
      6 Rakaia River 新西兰 Fighting Hill 2 560 温带 20 43°34′37″S—43°41′35″S
      171°44′38″E—171°55′17″E
      398.31 125.36 0.31
      7 育空河 美国 Ruby, Alas. 670 810 寒冷 20 65°8′50″N—62°42′5″N
      152°5′10″W—160°7′10″W
      12 966.21 4 122.94 0.32
      8 维斯瓦河 波兰 Warsaw 84 945 温带 20 52°24′56″N—52°28′35″N
      20°37′26″E—19°47′1″E
      1 151.13 398.48 0.35
      9 奈厄布拉勒河 美国 Near Verdel, Nebr. 29 992 半潮湿-
      半干旱
      25 42°46′1″N—42°49′33″N
      99°54′10″W—98°45′44″W
      98.11 43.37 0.44
      10 南萨斯喀彻温河 加拿大 Saskatoon 141 000 半潮湿-
      半干旱
      25 51°49′4″N—51°25′40″N
      106°44′2″W—107°4′41″W
      846.79 389.52 0.46
      11 松花江 中国 哈尔滨 391 000 季风 27 45°55′9″N—46°17′22″N
      128°5′30″E—129°27′55″E
      3 397.06 1 624.19 0.48
      12 普拉特河 美国 Louisville, Nebr. 218 078 干旱 25 40°53′3″N—40°56′41″N
      98°16′23″W—98°12′1″W
      534.69 302.25 0.57
      13 HalilRud River 伊朗 Hossein Abad Jiroft 8 420 干旱 20 28°40′32″N—28°39′29″N
      58°32′13″E—58°28′55″E
      36.40 43.58 1.20
      下载: 导出CSV
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    出版历程
    • 收稿日期:  2023-04-17
    • 网络出版日期:  2024-11-08
    • 刊出日期:  2024-10-25

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