Basement Architecture and Evolution of Neoproterozoic Tarim Rift Basin
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摘要: 沉积盆地基底结构与演化是盆地动力学研究的重要内容，针对塔里木板块新元古代变质基底与裂谷盆地成因机制问题，综合新元古代年代学与地球化学资料研究其基底结构、构造环境与演化.结果表明，南、北塔里木地块拼合于1.9~1.8 Ga，早新元古代沉积岩系与古元古代火成岩系于780~750 Ma形成统一的变质基底，并经历多期构造-热事件作用形成南北差异的复杂变质基底结构.新元古代具有950~900 Ma、860~840 Ma、830~800 Ma、780~760 Ma的多期前展式俯冲作用，760~720 Ma、670~610 Ma的多期后撤俯冲作用，形成了转换期在约760 Ma的前展-后撤俯冲构造旋回.新元古代前展式俯冲控制了变质基底的演变，后撤俯冲控制了大陆裂谷盆地的演化，具有不同于经典威尔逊旋回的成盆动力学机制与演化过程.Abstract: The basement architecture and evolution is of important role in dechipering sedimentary basin dynamitics.Based on the compiled geochronological and geochemical data, it has a review on the hot debates on the basement architecture, tectonic environment and evolution of the Neoproterozoic Tarim Basin.The results show that the southern and northern Tarim terranes are assemblied during 1.9-1.8 Ga, and the Early Neoproterozoic sedimentary succession and Paleoproterozoic igneous succession are composed to form a unified metamorphic basement during 780-750 Ma, and to form a complex metamorphic basement structure with differences between northern and southern terranes by multi-stage tectonic-thermal events. The Neoproterozoic was characterized by multi-stage of advancing subduction at ca. 950-900 Ma, 860-840 Ma, 830-800 Ma, 780-760 Ma, and multi-stages of retreating subduction at ca. 760-720 Ma, 670-610 Ma, which resulting in a Neoproterozoic advancing-retreating subduction cycle with the switch at ca. 760 Ma. The Neoproterozoic advancing subduction controlled the origin and evolution of the metamorphic basement, and the subsequent retreating subduction controlled the initiation and evolution of continental rift basin, which suggests a different basin dynamic mechanism and evolutionary process from the classical Wilson cycle.
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Key words:
- Tarim /
- Neoproterozoic /
- basement architecture /
- subduction mechanism /
- rift basin /
- evolution /
- structural geology
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图 1 塔里木板块构造示意图(a)；塔中-塔北地震剖面示前寒武系基底结构(b)
图a据Wu et al.（2021）修改；寒武系之下地震成像差，早期研究仅解释黄色线之间的坳陷，但剖面结构与塔中三维地震揭示深部可能还有更深大裂陷槽，红色虚线示可能断层
Fig. 1. Schematic map showing the Neoproterozoic age data and Cryogenian rifts in the Tarim Craton (a); the seismic cross the central Tarim Basin showing the Late Neoproterozoic rifts (b)
图 2 塔里木阿克苏、叶城、库鲁克塔格晚新元古代沉积岩地层柱状对比
据Zhou et al.（2022）修改
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns and correlation of Late Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Aksu, Yecheng and Kuruktag
图 5 塔里木板块1 100~500 Ma碎屑和岩浆锆石的εHf(t)与U-Pb年龄对比（据Wu et al.，2021）
Fig. 5. Plots of εHf(t) versus U-Pb ages of 1 100-500 Ma detrital and magmatic zircons in the Tarim craton (after Wu et al., 2021)
图 6 塔里木板块新元古代演化模式
a.塔里木外围950~900 Ma北部大洋俯冲；b.约850 Ma俯冲作用下的岛弧提供了阿克苏地区南华系长英质碎屑物源；c. 820~800 Ma前展俯冲达到高峰期，岩浆活动逐渐从塔里木外围向塔里木内部推进，形成俯冲后的弧后盆地与主要物源；d. 780~760 Ma变质基底形成，塔里木出现广泛的隆升，岩浆活动遍及塔里木中部与南部；e. ~760 Ma转向后撤俯冲，造成地幔柱上涌与地壳减薄，在塔里木板块产生广泛的裂谷作用，形成巨厚南华系-震旦系裂谷建造
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the Neoproterozoic showing advancing and retreating subduction evolution of the Tarim craton
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