Plane Heterogeneity Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Development of Upper Gas Layer in Gas-Bearing Shale of Longmaxi Formation in Fuling Area, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 涪陵地区五峰组‒龙马溪组底部发育一套富有机质页岩，依据页岩品质、含气性将该套页岩储层纵向上细分为9个小层，并明确下部①~⑤小层优质含气页岩段为主力开发层系.2017年，焦石坝区块针对龙马溪组一段上部中低品位页岩气层（⑥~⑨小层）启动了分层开发调整工作并取得了较好成效，但是上部气层页岩品质及厚度在平面上具备较强的非均质性，影响了分层开发调整工作的正常推进.通过对海底古地貌、水动力条件等开展系统研究，明确了上部气层的平面非均质性特征及其发育主控因素.上部气层自涪陵地区南部和北部向中部梓里场‒白涛地区由混合页岩相（粘土和陆源石英二元混合）转变为长英质页岩相（岩矿以陆源长英质为主）和粘土页岩相，页岩品质略有变差，中部梓里场‒白涛地区的北缘和南缘⑦小层出现明显减薄，普遍缺失上半段；同时在部分井区缺失⑦~⑨小层，缺失区呈现北东向条带状展布.构造火山活动、海平面升降、海底古地貌、陆源供给及底流沉积作用共同控制了上部气层的平面非均质性展布特征.Abstract: A set of organic-rich shale was well-developed at the bottom of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling Area. Based on shale quality and gas-bearing property, this shale reservoir can be vertically subdivided into 9 sublayers, and the lower ①‒⑤ sublayers of high-quality gas-bearing shale are the main layers of development. In 2017, the layering development and adjustment were launched in Jiaoshiba Block, focusing on the upper middle- and low- grade shale gas layers (⑥‒⑨ sublayers) of the first member of Longmaxi Formation. Good results have been achieved through this work. However, this layer has strong plane heterogeneity in terms of quality and thickness, hindering its layering development and adjustment. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the submarine paleogeomorphology and hydrodynamic conditions. Its plane heterogeneity characteristics and main controlling factors for development are clarified through systematic research. The upper gas layer changed from mixed shale facies in the southern and northern Fuling Area to felsic shale facies in the central Zilichang-Baitao area. The shale quality became slightly worse in the central Zilichang-Baitao area. The ⑦ sublayer on the south and north margin of central Zilichang-Baitao area showed a distinct decrease in thickness and its first half was absent. Meanwhile, the ⑦‒⑨ sublayers were also absent in some well regions presenting NE-trending banded distribution. Tectonic volcanism, sea level eustacy, seabed paleogeomorphology, terrigenous input and bottom currents jointly controlled the plane heterogeneity characteristics of this upper gas layer.
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图 1 四川盆地五峰组‒龙马溪组早期岩相古地理图
Fig. 1. Early lithofacies paleogeographic map of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 2 涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块五峰组‒龙马溪组含气页岩段页岩品质综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Comprehensive histogram of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation gas shale member of Jiaoshiba Block, Fuling Shale Gas Field
图 3 涪陵地区五峰组‒龙马溪组含气页岩段纵向非均质性主控因素分析
Fig. 3. Analysis of main controlling factors of vertical heterogeneity of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation gas shale member, Fuling Area
图 4 涪陵地区五峰组‒龙马溪组上部气层岩心粉砂质纹层照片
Fig. 4. Photos of silty laminae in the core of the upper gas layer of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling Area
图 5 涪陵页岩气田A井‒I井五峰组‒龙马溪组上部气层岩相‒厚度连井对比
Fig. 5. Comparison of lithofacies and thickness of upper gas layer in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of Well A and Well I in Fuling Shale Gas Field
图 6 涪陵页岩气田五峰组‒龙马溪组含气页岩段上部气层岩相平面图
a.⑥小层；b.⑦小层；c.⑧小层；d.⑨小层
Fig. 6. Lithofacies paleogeographic map of upper gas shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Fuling Shale Gas Field
图 7 焦石坝区块A井‒D井⑥~⑦小层连井对比图
Fig. 7. Well connection comparison of ⑥‒⑦ sublayer of wells A-D, Jiaoshiba area
图 8 涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块中南部上部气层⑦~⑨小层缺失区展布图
Fig. 8. The missing zone of ⑦‒⑨ layers in the upper reservoir in the south central part of Jiaoshiba Block of Fuling Shale Gas Field
图 9 四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组观音桥段岩相图
Fig. 9. Lithofacies map of Guanyinqiao Section of Wufeng Formation of Fuling Area, Sichuan Basin
图 10 四川盆地涪陵地区过A井‒F井地震地质解释剖面（采取五峰底同相轴层拉平）
Fig. 10. Seismic geological interpretation profile of wells A-F in Fuling Area, Sichuan Basin (Wufeng Formation bottom in-phase axis layer leveling)
图 11 涪陵地区五峰组‒龙马溪组含气页岩段沉积时期海底古地貌示意图
Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of submarine paleogeomorphology during the deposition of gas bearing shale section of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling Area
图 12 涪陵地区⑥~⑦小层沉积时期海底古地貌及水动力条件示意图
Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of submarine paleogeomorphology and hydrodynamic driving conditions during the deposition of ⑥‒⑦ sublayers in Fuling Area
图 13 涪陵地区梓里场水下高地部位F井、G井上部气层对应深度电成像图
Fig. 13. Upper sublayer corresponding depth electrical imaging map of Zilichang underwater highland in Fuling Area
图 14 涪陵地区⑧~⑨小层沉积时期古地貌及水动力条件示意图
Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of paleogeomorphology and hydrodynamic conditions in the sedimentary period of ⑧‒⑨ sublayers in Fuling Area
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