Geological Reserves Estimation of Fault-Controlled Fracturing Reservoirs in Tight and Low-Permeability Sandstones
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摘要: 断缝体油藏是鄂尔多斯盆地南缘彬长地区当前工作重点，具有储集类型多样和圈闭类型复杂的特点，以容积法计算地质储量的难点是合理确定有效厚度下限标准和含油面积.基于断缝体油藏的成因及储层特征，参考裂缝型油藏和致密油藏提出其地质储量计算的容积法及相关参数确定方法，并以JH17井区断缝体油藏为例说明实际操作和潜在问题.分析认为，断缝体油藏总体上为致密油藏，在断层附近可能局部具有构造油藏特征和明显油水界面.确定有效厚度下限标准可结合储集类型和局部油藏类型因素，资料有限时，裂缝发育性储层可考虑采用裂缝欠发育的次级储层的有效厚度下限标准的岩性、物性和饱和度参数.含油面积与断缝体范围和油气充注强度相关，需考虑断缝体油藏中明显油水界面和边部致密油分布情况，并兼顾断缝体的储层“甜点”特性和沿断层走向连通性强的特征.据此方法计算断缝体油藏实例的地质储量，发现其储量丰度可达43×104 t/km2，约为研究区非断缝体油藏的3倍.Abstract: Fault-controlled fracturing reservoirs have become the focused object of exploration and development in Binchang area on the southern margin of Ordos Basin, which usually show diverse reservoir types and complex trap types. Consequently, it is difficult for their geological reserves estimation by volumetric method to reasonably determine the scope of oil-bearing area and the lower limit of effective thickness. An improved volumetric method, referring to those for fractured reservoir and tight oil reservoir, was proposed for the geological reserves estimation, on the basis of the reservoir origin and its features. The ways to determine their related parameters were analyzed. Then the example of fault-controlled fracturing reservoirs from well block JH17 in Binchang area was used to demonstrate the process and some potential issues. It is believed that fault-controlled fracturing reservoirs show the features of tight oil reservoir as a whole, with the local features of structural reservoir and typical water-oil contact near fault surfaces. The lower limit of effective thickness can be determined by considering the factors of reservoir types and local oil-reservoir types. In the case of limited data, fracturing reservoirs can refer to some parameters of the lower limit for the secondary reservoirs with less fractures, such as those of lithology, porosity, permeability and saturation. The scope of oil-bearing area is related to that of fault-controlled fracturing body and the strength of hydrocarbon emplacement. Its determination should consider the distributions of the typical water-oil contact and the tight oil, as well as the "sweet spot" feature and the excellent connectivity along fault strike of fault-controlled fracturing body. According to the scheme, the geological reserves were estimated for the instance of fault-controlled fracturing reservoirs, with a reserves abundance of up to 43×104 t/km2, about three times that of other types of reservoir in the study area.
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图 1 彬长地区断缝体成藏模式
a.彬长地区走滑断裂构造样式分布模式；b.单个走滑断层断缝体成藏模式
Fig. 1. Accumulation model of fault-controlled fracturing bodies in Binchang area
图 2 致密地层断层带基岩孔隙变化趋势
Fig. 2. Porosity trends of matrix blocks from fault zones in tight formation
图 3 彬长地区JH17井区长8段断层核岩心
岩心柱面（图a）和截面（图b），JH9井，1 046.73 m
Fig. 3. Cores from fault core in Chang 8 Member of well block JH17 in Binchang area
图 4 断缝体边界识别流程
Fig. 4. Identification workflow for the boundary of fault-controlled fracturing body
图 5 彬长地区延长组地质背景特征
a.彬长地区构造位置；b.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘延长组地层划分；c.彬长地区北部延长组断裂分布
Fig. 5. Geological background of Yanchang Formation in Binchang area
图 6 井震结合确定水平井断缝体井段示例
Fig. 6. Example for the identification of fault-controlled fracturing body in one horizontal well by combining well logging with seismic property
图 7 彬长地区JH17井区断缝体实例有效孔隙度分布
Fig. 7. Effective porosity of one fault-controlled fractured body of well block JH17 in Binchang area
图 8 彬长地区JH17井区断缝体实例有效厚度分布
Fig. 8. Effective thickness map of one fault-controlled fracturing body of well block JH17 in Binchang area
图 9 彬长地区JH17井区断缝体实例含油面积分布
Fig. 9. Oil-bearing area of one fault-controlled fractured body of well block JH17 in Binchang area
图 10 彬长地区JH17井区长8段断层核和损伤带宽度关系
Fig. 10. Relationship between fault core width and damage zone width for Chang 8 Member of well block JH17 in Binchang area
表 1 彬长地区JH17井区断缝体实例有效厚度下限
Table 1. Lower limit of effective thickness of one fault-controlled fracturing body of well block JH17 in Binchang area
油层分类 岩性 物性 含油性 电性 孔隙度（%） 渗透率（10-3 μm2） 含油饱和度(%) 含油级别 GR（API） ILD（Ω·m） AC（μs/m） 孔隙型 细砂岩 ≥5 ≥0.1 > 25 油迹以上 < 100 > 50 ≥210 孔缝型 > 30 ≥240 裂缝型 > 10 ≥280 
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