Main Controlling Factors of Accumulation and Exploration Breakthrough of Deep-Water Submarine Fan Lithologic Trap in the Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 为研究琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷中新统梅山组海底扇面临圈闭有效性与油气富集规律关键问题. 综合海底扇沉积储层特征、圈闭形成与侧封条件、天然气运聚分析，明确梅山组海底扇岩性圈闭成藏主控因素. 结果表明：（1）北物源海底扇主要分布于北斜坡区，凹陷带发育西部昆嵩隆起物源影响海底扇向凹推进远、储层物性较好；（2）发育对接水道泥岩、对接水道砂岩、岩性尖灭、断层侧封4种圈闭类型；（3）天然气为崖城组烃源岩供源的成熟-高熟天然气，具有“源内大型构造脊汇聚、沟源断裂/裂隙带垂向运移+砂岩侧向输导，有效圈闭富集”天然气成藏模式. 针对凹陷带尖灭型和对接水道泥岩型圈闭分别部署钻探，均获得勘探突破，明确了下步拓展方向.Abstract: To study the key problems restricting exploration are the traps effectiveness and gas enrichment rule. Based on the analysis of submarine fan reservoir characteristics, trap formation and lateral sealing conditions, natural gas migration and accumulation, the main controlling factors of deep-water submarine fan traps large-scale accumulation is researched. The results show that: (1)The submarine fan coming from Hainan uplift is mainly distributed in the northern slope area, and the submarine fan in the depression zone coming from the western Kunsong uplift develop large-scale advancing far into the sag, and the physical properties of the reservoir become better. (2)The types of trap lateral sealing mechanisms are establishing, including sealed by mudstone channel type, sealed by sandstone channel type, lithological pinch-out type and fault lateral sealing type. (3)The mature to high mature natural gas of Meishan submarine fan were supplied by source rock of Yacheng formation, Accumulation mode was large-scale structural ridge convergence in source rock, vertical and lateral migration system with fault or fracture and sandstone, and effective traps cotrolling accumulation. It has been made breakthroughs in lithological pinch-out type and sealed by mudstone channel type, and the next expansion direction is explicited.
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图 1 琼东南盆地构造区划图与地层柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural zoning map and stratum histogram of the Qiongdongnan Basin
图 2 乐东-陵水凹陷已钻井天然气成因判识图
判识图中界线划分据戴金星（1993）
Fig. 2. Origin and maturity of natural gas in the Ledong-Lingshui Sag
图 3 乐东-陵水凹陷钻井地层锆石年龄谱分布图
锆石测年在德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校年代学实验室分析
Fig. 3. Age spectrum distribution of zircon from drilling strata of Ledong-Lingshui Sag
图 4 过琼东南盆地乐东凹陷典型地震剖面与乐东-陵水凹陷梅山组平面沉积相图
Fig. 4. Typical seismic profile of Ledong sag in Qiongdongnan basin and plane sedimentary facies of Meishan formation in the Ledong-Lingshui Sag
图 5 乐东-陵水凹陷梅山组储层典型显微照片
a. L25E井，3 966 m（去水深3 081.4 m），梅山组一段下，粉-极细砂岩，F=23.9%，K=28.6 mD，粒间孔（IP）为主，局部见有粒内溶孔（IDP）；b. Y35井，4 816.48 m，梅山组一段上，粗-极粗砂岩，F=10.6%，K=0.7 mD，粒间孔（IP）为主，局部见有粒内溶孔（IDP）；c.L25W井，4 045.20 m（去水深3 136.40 m），梅山组一段上，粉砂岩，F=24.4%，K=49.1 mD，粒间孔（IP）为主
Fig. 5. Reservoir typical micro-photograph from Meishan formation in the Ledong-Lingshui sag
图 6 乐东-陵水凹陷深水海底扇岩性圈闭侧封模式图
Fig. 6. Lithologic trap sealing models of deep-water submarine fan in Ledong-Lingshui sag
图 7 乐东-陵水凹陷带梅山组储层包裹体均一温度与单点埋藏史图
Fig. 7. Uniform temperature of reservoir inclusions from Meishan Formation and single point burial history in the Ledong-Lingshui sag
图 8 乐东凹陷崖城组顶面构造、裂隙与梅山组海底扇体叠合图
Fig. 8. Superposition of top structure of Yacheng Formation-fissure-submarine fan of Meishan Formation in Ledong Sag
图 9 乐东-陵水凹陷中新统梅山组区域成藏模式图
Fig. 9. Regional hydrocarbon accumulation model of Miocene Meishan formation in Ledong-Lingshui Sag
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