Effect of Random Fracture Network Orientations on Sealing Performance of Caprock in CO2 Geological Sequestration
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摘要: 在CO2地质封存过程中，为探究盖层中裂隙网络走向对CO2-咸水两相运移的影响规律，进而评价盖层密封性，本文数值模拟选用了6种不同走向的裂隙网络（其角度分别为0°~180°、30°~150°、45°~135°、60°~120°、90°~90°和90°~180°），实现显式裂隙网络下CO2驱替咸水的两相流研究.研究发现裂隙网络走向会直接改变液相饱和度的赋存情况，从而影响CO2-咸水驱替难度；当CO2在盖层中达到相同渗透深度时，驱替时间随裂隙倾角（0°~60°）降低了12.59倍，但倾角增大到60°后不再有明显影响；随着裂隙网络渗透范围的扩大，CO2在盖层中的渗透量增加.其中，正交裂隙（90°~180°）的渗透量最大.因此，考虑裂隙网络走向对于盖层密封性的评价具有重要意义.Abstract: In the process of CO2 geological storage, in order to explore the influence of fracture network orientations on the two-phase transport of CO2-salt water in the caprock and evaluate the sealing performance of the caprock, six fracture networks with different orientations (with angles of 0°-180°, 30°-150°, 45°-135°, 60°-120°, 90°-90° and 90°-180°, respectively) were selected for numerical simulation, so as to realize the two-phase flow study of CO2 displacement of salt water under explicit fracture network. It is found that the fracture network orientations directly change the occurrence of water saturation, thereby affecting the difficulty of CO2-salt water displacement. When CO2 reaches the same penetration depth in the caprock, the displacement time decreased by 12.59 times with the fracture angle (0°-60°), but there is no obvious effect after the inclination angle increased to 60°. With the expansion of the permeability range of the fracture network, the permeability of CO2 in the caprock increases. Among them, orthogonal fractures (90°-180°) have the largest permeability. Therefore, considering the fracture network direction is of great significance for the caprock sealing evaluation.
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图 4 第1年时不同随机离散网络的液相饱和度分布
Fig. 4. Distribution of water saturation for different random discrete networks in the 1st year
图 5 第10年时不同随机离散网络的液相饱和度分布
Fig. 5. Distribution of water saturation for different random discrete networks in the 10th year
图 6 第50年时不同随机离散网络的液相饱和度分布
Fig. 6. Distribution of water saturation for different random discrete networks in the 50th year
图 7 B组裂隙网络10 m处液相饱和度随时间演化的分布
Fig. 7. Evolution of water saturation distribution at 10 m of fracture network in group B
图 8 同一驱替深度不同走向裂隙基质模型所需驱替时间及速度
Fig. 8. Displacement time and velocity required for fracture matrix models with different orientations at the same penetration depth
图 9 D组、E组和F组裂隙基质模型同一渗透深度处的液相饱和度分布
Fig. 9. Distribution of water saturation at the same penetration depth of fracture matrix models in groups D, E and F
表 1 模型计算参数
Table 1. Computational parameters
参数 取值 参数物理意义 取值来源 $ {\mu }_{\mathrm{g}} $ 5.2×10‒5 Pa·s CO2粘度 Wang and Peng, 2014 pw0 13 MPa 盖层中初始液相压力 Rutqvist and Tsang, 2002 $ {p}_{\mathrm{g}0} $ 18 MPa 盖层中初始气相压力 Ec 8 GPa 页岩杨氏模量 Wang and Wang, 2018 $ {E}_{\mathrm{s}} $ 20 GPa 页岩颗粒杨氏模量 Wang and Wang, 2018 Srnw 0.05 气相残余饱和度 Rutqvist and Tsang, 2002 $ {S}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{w}} $ 0.3 液相残余饱和度 Rutqvist and Tsang, 2002 pe 5 MPa 毛细进入压力 T 315.5 K 温度 Wang and Peng, 2014 $ {k}_{0} $ 1.5×10‒19 m2 初始绝对渗透率 Wang and Peng, 2014 ϕ0 0.04 初始孔隙度 Wang and Peng, 2014 $ \nu $ 0.25 页岩泊松比 Rutqvistand Tsang, 2002 ρc 2 300 kg/m3 页岩密度 Wang and Wang, 2018 $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{w}} $ 1 020 kg/m3 液相密度 μw 3.6×10‒4 Pa·s 液相粘度 Wang and Wang, 2018 
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