Occurrence of Lithium and Geochronology of Magmatism and Mineralization in Dagang Granite-Associated Lithium Deposit, West Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 大港锂矿床是赣西地区近年来新探明的超大型花岗岩型锂矿之一，成矿与白云母花岗岩密切相关.研究开展了云母矿物学特征及电子探针分析确定锂赋存状态，并利用锆石和锡石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年法对白云母花岗岩进行了系统的年代学研究，精确厘定成岩成矿时代.年代学结果显示Ⅰ型热液锆石Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb下交点年龄为129±2 Ma，而颜色较暗的Ⅱ型锆石下交点年龄为100±4 Ma.锡石核部和边部Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb下交点年龄分别为125±3 Ma和108±7 Ma，同期结果与锆石年龄在误差范围内一致.这些年龄数据显示大港锂矿呈多期次成矿特点.成矿作用均形成于早白垩世，与江南造山带中段燕山期大规模稀有金属成矿时限一致.大港锂矿床中云母主要为富锂白云母、铁锂云母和锂云母，且云母具有明显环带特征，边部较核部富Si、Li和F等元素.云母微观结构及矿物化学特征表明大港高演化花岗岩型锂矿床经历了早期岩浆分异和晚期热液交代两个阶段.晚期富氟富锂热液对白云母花岗岩进行了强烈的交代改造，使锂元素在云母边部高度富集，从而形成富锂矿物.九岭南缘高演化花岗岩型锂矿床的厘定指示了江南造山带中段具有良好的锂矿找矿前景.Abstract: The Dagang lithium deposit is a giant granite-associated deposit in the West Jiangxi Province, central Jiangnan orogenic belt (JNOB). Lithium mineralization is closely associated with muscovite granites. However, the occurrence of lithium and geochronology of magmatism and mineralization are not well defined. In this study, it presents microtextural studies, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of micas, as well as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma (LA-ICPMS) zircon and cassiterite U-Pb dating results to further constrain the occurrence state, metallogenic mechanism, and geochronology. LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of cassiterite core yielded a Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb lower intercept age of 125±3 Ma and cassiterite rim yielded a lower intercept age of 108±7 Ma. Type Ⅰ zircon, which shows lower content of U, has an LA-ICPMS Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb lower intercept age of 129±2 Ma, and Type Ⅱ zircon grains with higher U content yielded a lower intercept age of 100±4 Ma. Geochronological results reveal two episodic Li mineralization events during the Early Cretaceous in the Dagang deposit. In addition, the mineralization ages of the Dagang Li deposit are consistent with the large-scale magmatic and metallogenic events for rare metal deposits in the central JNOB. Zoned micas which are revealed by BSE images from the Dagang Li deposit are composed of Li-muscovite, zinnwaldite, as well as lepidolite. The Li-bearing micas are the principal ore minerals in the muscovite granites. A gradual increase in Li, Si, and F in all micas from core to rim is exhibited by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The occurrence and geochemical features indicate that the Dagang Li deposit formed through an early-stage magma fractional crystallization and a late-stage hydrothermal process. The temporal relationship between Early Cretaceous S-type granitic magmatism and Li mineralization in the central JNOB can be used as a guideline for mineral exploration of granite rare metal deposits.
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图 1 赣西九岭岩体地质简图及花岗岩型矿床分布图(修改自Xie et al., 2019)
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map showing the distribution of granites and deposits in the West Jiangxi Province (modified from Xie et al., 2019)
图 3 大港锂矿床中部1A线地质剖面图
Fig. 3. Geological cross-section of the line 1A in the Dagang Li deposit
图 4 大港锂矿床白云母花岗岩野外和镜下鉴定特征
Ab.钠长石；Mus.白云母；Q.石英；Pl.斜长石
Fig. 4. Field photos and microscopic identification of the muscovite granite in the Dagang Li deposit
图 6 大港白云母花岗岩锆石CL照片及U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg下交点年龄图
Fig. 6. Representative zircon CL images and LA-ICPMS U-Pb diagrams for the Dagang muscovite granite
图 7 大港矿床锡石Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb年龄
Fig. 7. Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb ages for cassiterite from the muscovite granite in the Dagang Li deposit
图 8 大港白云母花岗岩云母主量成分Harker图解
Fig. 8. Harker diagrams of SiO2 vs. major elements for the mica of muscovite granite in the Dagang Li deposit
图 9 大港白云母花岗岩云母成分分类图解(底图据Tischendorf et al., 1997修改)
Fig. 9. Positions of micas on the diagram of (Mg-Li) vs. (Fetot+Mn+Ti-AlⅥ) in the Dagang muscovite granite (modified from Tischendorf et al., 1997)
图 10 大港锂矿床典型云母BSE照片及成分变化折线图
Fig. 10. Representative BSE images and line chart of chemical compositions of micas form the Dagang Li deposit
表 1 大港锂矿床白云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果
Table 1. Results of zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating for the muscovite granites in the Dagang Li deposit
样品编号 Th(10-6) U(10-6) Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U Ratio 1σ Ratio 1σ Ratio 1σ t(Ma) 1σ t(Ma) 1σ t(Ma) 1σ 21DG-1-01 84.3 14 524 0.006 0.062 7 0.001 4 0.186 4 0.004 6 0.021 3 0.000 3 698 48.1 174 3.92 136 1.91 21DG-1-02 46.5 6 963 0.007 0.083 0 0.003 0 0.269 2 0.008 5 0.023 4 0.000 4 1 270 69.9 242 6.83 149 2.49 21DG-1-03 66.6 14 660 0.005 0.065 7 0.001 5 0.186 0 0.004 1 0.020 3 0.000 2 798 52.8 173 3.49 130 1.15 21DG-1-04 81.3 13 084 0.006 0.055 0 0.001 2 0.176 9 0.004 2 0.020 9 0.000 2 413 48.1 157 3.06 139 1.46 21DG-1-05 165 46 319 0.004 0.051 7 0.001 3 0.117 7 0.003 2 0.016 3 0.000 2 272 55.5 113 2.91 104 1.52 21DG-1-06 68.8 10 167 0.007 0.072 4 0.001 6 0.223 1 0.005 4 0.022 3 0.000 5 998 46.3 204 4.48 142 2.95 21DG-1-07 50.2 11 357 0.004 0.057 6 0.001 4 0.181 5 0.004 2 0.021 1 0.000 2 522 53.7 163 4.28 138 1.89 21DG-1-08 118 19 657 0.006 0.073 5 0.001 8 0.210 1 0.006 3 0.020 5 0.000 3 1 028 50.5 194 5.32 131 1.84 21DG-1-09 63.0 14 801 0.004 0.054 7 0.001 2 0.158 7 0.003 7 0.021 0 0.000 2 398 52.8 155 3.19 138 1.37 21DG-1-10 39.5 9 665 0.004 0.053 9 0.001 3 0.160 0 0.004 1 0.021 0 0.000 3 365 55.6 153 3.33 138 1.24 21DG-1-11 22.9 9 808 0.002 0.071 3 0.001 8 0.227 4 0.005 8 0.022 9 0.000 2 969 51.5 208 4.83 146 1.56 21DG-1-12 36.8 9 328 0.004 0.069 9 0.001 7 0.192 4 0.004 7 0.019 8 0.000 2 928 48.9 179 4.04 126 1.52 21DG-1-13 53.1 10 584 0.005 0.049 0 0.001 2 0.139 1 0.003 4 0.020 5 0.000 5 150 54.6 132 3.05 131 2.96 21DG-1-14 65.5 13 761 0.005 0.068 0 0.001 6 0.193 1 0.005 7 0.020 4 0.000 4 878 48.1 179 4.84 130 2.43 21DG-1-15 63.3 9 640 0.007 0.102 7 0.002 1 0.307 0 0.006 1 0.021 6 0.000 2 1 673 37.5 272 4.75 138 1.33 21DG-1-16 50.3 13 068 0.004 0.067 7 0.001 4 0.180 1 0.004 3 0.019 2 0.000 2 857 44.4 168 3.70 122 1.50 21DG-1-17 36.1 8 771 0.004 0.048 1 0.001 2 0.135 9 0.004 0 0.020 4 0.000 4 102 62.0 129 3.57 130 2.72 21DG-1-18 98 11 758 0.008 0.072 9 0.001 6 0.202 2 0.004 8 0.020 0 0.000 3 1 011 42.6 187 4.09 128 1.80 21DG-1-19 55.7 10 989 0.005 0.059 3 0.001 4 0.175 1 0.004 3 0.021 3 0.000 2 589 51.8 164 3.76 136 1.35 21DG-1-20 48.2 9 192 0.005 0.062 2 0.001 5 0.182 2 0.004 7 0.0212 0.000 2 680 51.8 170 4.08 135 1.54 
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表 2 大港锂矿床白云母花岗岩锡石U-Pb定年结果
Table 2. Results of cassiterite LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating for the muscovite granite in the Dagang Li deposit
样品 Common Pb (10-6) Pb(10-6) Th(10-6) U(10-6) 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U Age (Ma) Ratios 1σ Ratios 1σ Ratios 1σ 206Pb/238U 2σ (abs) 21DG-1(CST)-1c 6.14 10.3 0.06 341 0.157 6 11.9 0.496 2 10.8 0.025 3 4.2 161 13 21DG-1(CST)-2c 3.09 8.86 0.06 389 0.082 1 12.2 0.238 3 11.8 0.022 9 2.9 146 8 21DG-1(CST)-3c 82.2 36.3 0.05 592 0.276 8 4.2 1.336 1 5.4 0.036 3 2.6 226 9 21DG-1(CST)-4c 5.54 19.1 0.00 657 0.120 5 7.6 0.378 5 7.7 0.023 5 2.5 149 7 21DG-1(CST)-5c 6.52 10.3 0.04 487 0.067 0 11.5 0.194 3 11.7 0.020 6 3.2 131 8 21DG-1(CST)-6r 0.00 7.97 0.00 359 0.069 6 18.4 0.202 8 15.2 0.021 5 4.2 137 11 21DG-1(CST)-7r 40.4 10.6 0.00 383 0.137 6 18.5 0.359 6 12.3 0.023 1 3.2 147 9 21DG-1(CST)-8c 3.31 9.3 0.11 405 0.076 3 13.3 0.212 5 13.7 0.022 6 3.1 144 9 21DG-1(CST)-9r 0.00 8.3 0.32 351 0.174 3 17.3 0.329 2 12.8 0.021 4 3.7 136 10 21DG-1(CST)-10r 23.5 8.57 0.06 391 0.105 2 15.2 0.221 5 12.2 0.022 1 3.5 141 10 21DG-1(CST)-11c 0.00 8.52 0.01 382 0.055 4 15.1 0.165 6 13.8 0.022 7 3.4 144 10 21DG-1(CST)-12c 32.4 23.4 5.87 635 0.145 3 9.6 0.451 1 8.9 0.025 4 3.3 162 10 21DG-1(CST)-13r 13.5 9.48 0.02 431 0.074 8 12.2 0.191 6 11.3 0.020 7 3.0 132 8 21DG-1(CST)-14c 0.00 8.09 0.03 362 0.094 6 14.6 0.314 2 13.9 0.021 7 5.4 138 15 21DG-1(CST)-15c 36.7 169 3.05 848 0.456 2 4.2 4.628 7 5.0 0.076 4 4.3 476 38 21DG-1(CST)-16c 9.60 17.8 0.04 842 0.063 1 15.8 0.133 9 15.7 0.021 2 2.2 135 6 21DG-1(CST)-17c 0.00 5.92 0.02 268 0.080 6 20.3 0.386 2 27.0 0.023 2 4.6 148 13 21DG-1(CST)-18r 8.19 26.7 0.17 341 0.372 6 7.0 1.556 1 7.2 0.032 5 4.4 205 18 21DG-1(CST)-19c 54.1 7.06 0.05 250 0.107 7 14.0 0.314 2 12.3 0.023 0 3.8 147 11 21DG-1(CST)-20r 0.00 7.70 0.02 344 0.088 9 14.9 0.212 7 12.8 0.021 5 3.7 138 10 21DG-1(CST)-21r 0.00 8.56 0.00 415 0.067 4 13.9 0.154 0 13.4 0.020 2 3.6 128 9 21DG-1(CST)-22c 39.74 33.9 2.57 543 0.301 5 4.7 1.452 5 4.8 0.036 6 3.0 226 10 21DG-1(CST)-23r 49.61 58.3 0.07 455 0.510 9 4.8 3.169 8 4.7 0.050 1 2.8 316 17 21DG-1(CST)-24c 0.00 23.9 0.27 534 0.201 9 6.3 0.765 0 5.8 0.029 8 2.7 189 10 21DG-1(CST)-25r 0.00 6.19 0.02 196 0.2118 18.4 0.570 2 15.0 0.025 3 4.7 161 15
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