Phosphorus Cycling and Phosphorus Speciation Application in Reconstruction of Paleo-Marine Environment
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摘要: 磷作为地球生命DNA和RNA的核心组成部分，是地质历史时期海洋表层初级生产力的主要限制性营养元素，对全球大气‒海洋氧化还原状态及气候变化具有重要调节作用.总结了海洋中磷的源及汇，阐述了磷组分的构成及其在研究磷的埋藏、转化与循环中的应用，分析了古老地层中磷的沉积特征与生物‒环境演化的关系，明确了不同地质时期磷循环特征、机制及其与大气‒海洋‒生态之间的反馈作用，这对于认识生命与地球环境的关系具有深远意义.Abstract: Phosphorus (P), as a central component of DNA and RNA of life on earth, is the major limiting nutrient for marine productivity on geological time scales, and plays an important role in regulating the global atmosphere-ocean redox state and Earth's climate. This paper summarizes the source and sink of P in the ocean, and expounds the composition of P speciation and its application in the study of P burial, diagenetic transformations and marine P cycle, and analyzes the sedimentary P characteristics in the ancient strata and their links with life-environment evolution, which helps clarify features and mechanism of P cycling in different geological periods and its feedback on atmosphere-ocean-ecology system. This is of far-reaching significance for understanding the relationship between life and Earth's environment.
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图 2 河流输送的磷“源”与埋藏于沉积物的磷“汇”的组分构成
Fig. 2. Phosphorus speciation of phosphorus sources carried by rivers and sinks buried in sediments
图 3 不同氧化还原底水条件下沉积物中磷的埋藏及成岩转化
Pi.被释放的磷；Pdetri.碎屑磷；Porg.有机磷；Pauth.自生成因磷；PFe.铁（氢）氧化物结合磷；Pads.主要吸附于CaCO3及黏土矿物的磷；Fe（Ⅱ）-P.含铁矿物（如蓝铁矿）结合磷；CC.化跃层；SWI.沉积物‒水界面
Fig. 3. P burial and diagenetic processes in the sediment under different bottom water redox conditions
图 5 不同时期地层中磷的沉积特征及其与生物‒环境演化的关系
a. 磷含量及预测磷块岩产出丰度（Planavsky et al.，2014；Reinhard et al.，2017）；b. TOC（Och and Shields-Zhou，2012）及δ13Ccarb（Kipp and Stüeken，2017）与δ13Corg（Brasier and Lindsay，1998；Bergman et al.，2004；Halverson et al.，2005；Och and Shields-Zhou，2012）分布；c. 海洋氧化还原状态（Poulton，2017）；d. 大气氧含量（Sahoo et al.，2012）；e.超大陆及冰期（Och and Shields-Zhou，2012）；f. 生物演化（Och and Shields-Zhou，2012）
Fig. 5. Sedimentary characteristics of P and its link with life-environment evolution on geological times
表 1 不同时代沉积物中Corg/Porg及Corg/Preact比值分布
Table 1. Corg/Porg and Corg/Preact ratios of sediments from different periods
时代 地区 底水氧化还原状态 Corg/Porg Corg/Preact 资料来源 现代 Black Sea 缺氧（硫化） 1 370/1 288/1 Kraal et al. (2017) 现代 Black Sea（shelf） 氧化 85/1~170/1 50/1~100/1 Kraal et al. (2017) 现代 Peru Margin（OMZ） 缺氧 150/1~200/1 Böning et al. (2004)；Lomnitz et al. (2016) 现代 Northern Arabian Sea（OMZ） 缺氧 600/1 140/1 Kraal et al. (2012) 现代 Baltic Sea 缺氧（硫化） 150/1~350/1 95/1~260/1 Mort et al. (2010) 缺氧（铁化） 185/1~340/1 150/1~255/1 氧化 100/1~180/1 70/1~120/1 现代 大陆边缘沉积环境 氧化 - 均值42/1~80/1 Baturin (2007) 现代 Saanich Inlet 缺氧（硫化） - 152/1 Calvert et al. (2001) 现代 Cariaco Basin 缺氧（硫化） - 195/1 Canfield et al. (2020) 氧化 - 108/1 白垩纪（OAE2） Morocco（Tarfaya shelf） 缺氧（硫化） - 最高达1 500/1 Poulton et al. (2015) 缺氧（铁化） - 最高达800/1 白垩纪（OAE3） French Guiana 缺氧（铁化） > 1 000/1 < 50/1 März et al. (2008) 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交 华南 缺氧 20/1~5 780/1 最高达318/1 Müller et al. (2022) 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交 Svalbard 缺氧（硫化） 1 600/1~3 060/1 85/1~233/1 Schobben et al. (2020) 缺氧（铁化） 2 380/1~3 930/1 60/1~235/1 氧化 210/1~3 190/1 ≤50/1 泥盆纪 America（Illinois basin） 缺氧 - 3 900/1 Ingall et al. (1993) 氧化 - 150/1 奥陶纪‒志留纪之交 华南 缺氧 - 均值> 535 Wang et al. (2022) 氧化 - 均值> 43 奥陶纪‒志留纪之交 华南 缺氧（硫化） 最高达36 500/1 最高达4 860/1 Qiu et al. (2022) 缺氧（铁化） 最高达25500/1 最高达2 520/1 氧化 最高达8 500/1 最高达1 600/1 寒武纪 Australia（Georgina Basin） 缺氧（铁化） 79/1~17 000/1 < 20/1 Creveling et al. (2014) 新元古代（1.0~0.9 Ga） 华北（淮南盆地） 缺氧（铁化） 135/1 24/1 Guilbaud et al. (2020) 新元古代（~0.66~0.65 Ga） 华南 缺氧（硫化） 最高达11 293 最高达771 Bowyer et al. (2023) 氧化 - < 106/1 Australia 缺氧（硫化） 最高达1 397 > 106/1（最高达315） 中元古代（下马岭组） 华北 缺氧（硫化） - 80/1 Wang et al. (2017)；Canfield et al. (2018, 2020) 缺氧（铁化） - 均值61/1 氧化 - 均值85/1 ~2.65~2.43 Ga South Africa 缺氧 最高达~8 000/1 - Alcott et al. (2022) 注：Ga表示109 a. 
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