Thermal Damage and Energy Characteristics of Sandstone under Real-Time High Temperatures
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摘要: 岩石实时高温下的损伤破坏及能量演化特征是深部地质工程的热点与难点问题.利用MTS815型程控伺服刚性试验机和PCI-Ⅱ声发射仪对砂岩开展实时高温作用下的三轴压缩试验，基于试验结果并引入能耗演化规律，分析探讨高温作用下砂岩的力学特性与能量特征.结果表明：（1）温度120~150 ℃之间存在温度阈值，导致砂岩内部出现热损伤，其峰值强度大幅度降低，宏观破裂形式由剪切破坏过渡到张拉破坏；（2）温度25~120 ℃之间，砂岩累计AE能量、储存和释放能量随着温度升高而增大，而温度150 ℃时，砂岩内部开始产生热损伤，声发射累计AE能量、储能能力和能量释放能力大幅度减弱；（3）随着温度的升高，砂岩脆性指标BE不断减小，温度120~150 ℃之间，砂岩BE值从0.5大幅度减小到0.26，表现出明显的塑性破坏特征.系统地分析了温度作用对砂岩的力学性质、破坏模式、声发射活动、应变能演化过程及脆性状态的影响规律，发现存在明显的温度阈值使砂岩的各类行为在阈值前后产生较为明显的转变.Abstract: The damage and energy evolution characteristics of rocks under real-time high temperature are hot and difficult issues in deep geological engineering. MTS815 program-controlled servo rigid testing machine and PCI-Ⅱ acoustic emission instrument were used for triaxial compression tests of sandstone under real-time high temperatures in this study, and the mechanical and energy characteristics of sandstone under high temperature were analyzed and discussed based on the test results and introducing the law of energy consumption evolution. The results show that: (1) There is a temperature threshold between 120 ℃ and 150 ℃, which leads to thermal damage inside sandstone, and its peak strength is greatly reduced, and the macroscopic failure form is transformed from shear failure to tensile failure. (2) When the temperature is between 20 ℃ and 120 ℃, the accumulated AE energy, stored energy and released energy of sandstone increase with the increase of temperature; and when the temperature is 150 ℃, thermal damage occurs inside sandstone. Ac cumulative AE energy, energy storage capacity and energy release capacity were significantly reduced. (3) The brittleness index of rock BE decreases with the increase of temperature. At the temperature of 120-150 ℃, the sandstone BE value decreases greatly from about 0.5 to 0.26, showing obvious plastic characteristics. The influence of temperature on the mechanical properties, failure mode, acoustic emission activity, strain energy evolution process and brittle state of sandstone is systematically analyzed. It is found that there is an obvious temperature threshold, which changes all kinds of behaviors of sandstone obviously before and after the threshold.
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Key words:
- real-time high temperature /
- thermal damage /
- acoustic emission /
- strain energy /
- brittleness /
- geological engineering
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图 7 不同温度作用下砂岩应力、AE能量与时间的关系
a. 25 ℃; b. 60 ℃; c. 90 ℃; d. 120 ℃; e. 150 ℃
Fig. 7. The curves of stress and AE energy with time for sandstone under different temperatures
图 9 岩石单元能量关系图（谢和平等，2005）
Fig. 9. Energy relationship diagram of rock unit(Xie et al., 2005)
图 10 不同温度作用下砂岩应力‒轴向应变‒应变能的关系曲线
a. 25 ℃; b. 60 ℃; c. 90 ℃; d. 120 ℃; e. 150 ℃
Fig. 10. The curves of stress-axial strain-strain energy for sandstone under different temperatures
图 14 不同温度作用下砂岩SEM扫描图
a. 25 ℃; b. 60 ℃; c. 90 ℃; d. 120 ℃; e. 150 ℃
Fig. 14. SEM scanning images of sandstone under different temperatures
表 1 不同温度作用下砂岩试验结果
Table 1. Test results of sandstone under different temperatures
温度(℃) 弹性模量(GPa) 泊松比 峰值强度(MPa) 25 30.01 0.241 246.41 60 30.13 0.266 248.33 90 30.85 0.272 251.98 120 31.14 0.276 254.07 150 28.20 0.289 112.29 
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表 2 不同温度作用下砂岩脆性指标结果
Table 2. Results of brittleness index of sandstone under different temperatures
温度(℃) S1
(MPa)S2
(MPa)S3
(MPa)S4
(MPa)BEpre BEpost BE 25 1.13 1.01 0.27 0.38 0.47 0.70 0.59 60 1.45 1.02 0.31 0.45 0.42 0.66 0.54 90 1.67 1.03 0.36 0.43 0.39 0.63 0.51 120 1.94 1.04 0.55 0.41 0.37 0.55 0.46 150 0.43 0.22 0.89 0.01 0.33 0.19 0.26
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