Development Mechanism of Composite Igneous Rock Buried-Hill Reservoir in Huizhou Sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地惠州凹陷复合岩浆岩潜山经历燕山期-喜山期多期构造演化成山过程，发育裂缝-溶蚀型储层，为了解潜山储层发育机制，利用锆石U-Pb定年、铸体薄片观察对惠州26-6潜山储层裂缝成因和期次及成岩演化过程开展了精细研究，明确了惠州26-6复合岩浆岩潜山储层发育机制.惠州26-6潜山岩性为花岗岩、闪长岩、玄武安山岩，至少经历6期构造-岩浆活动. 花岗岩发生碎裂岩化，闪长岩与玄武安山岩出现片岩化. 166~145 Ma玄武质火山岩喷发；145~134 Ma受燕山中期构造运动影响发生区域变质作用导致片岩化、片麻岩化，形成早期裂缝；~134 Ma、120~110 Ma伴随伸展作用有两期酸性岩浆侵入玄武质火山岩，发育花岗岩岩脉、硅质岩脉和碳酸盐岩脉，火山通道处发生阳起石化，伴随绿帘石化和绿泥石化；110~100 Ma之间发育一期张裂隙，102~87 Ma有岩浆热液上涌，裂缝中半充填白云石、浊沸石等；受晚白垩世构造转换作用影响区域大规模隆升，风化作用强烈，风化裂缝和溶蚀缝发育；裂陷期受珠琼一幕和珠琼二幕运动影响，有两期岩浆热液活动，裂缝中充填绿泥石、浊沸石等；南海运动和新构造运动时期产生微裂缝沟通烃源岩，有机酸进入对储层进一步溶蚀改造，裂缝未充填或半充填，13~5 Ma油气大规模充注，油气成藏. 该研究为综合评价研究区储层特征、明确天然气富集规律提供了依据.Abstract: The composite igneous rock buried hill in Huizhou Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution from Yanshanian to Himalayan, and developed fracture dissolution type reservoirs. In order to clarify the mechanism of buried hill reservoirs, the author conducted a detailed study on the fracture cause, phase and diagenetic evolution of Huizhou 26-6 buried-hill reservoir with zircon U-Pb dating and casting thin section observation. Huizhou 26-6 buried-hill is composed of granite, diorite and basaltic andesite, which have undergone at least six stages of tectonic magmatic activity.Granites suffered cataclastic, diorite and basaltic andesite are schistotized. At 166 to 145 Ma, basaltic volcanic rocks erupted. At 145 to 134 Ma, regional metamorphism occurred under the influence of the mid-Yanshan tectonic movement, resulting in gneissic and gneissic mineralization of basaltic volcanic rocksand early fractures. At ~134 Ma and 120 to 110 Ma, acidic magma invaded of basaltic volcanic rocks in two stages with extension, and granite, siliceous and carbonate veins developed. Actinization, epidotization and chlorite occurred at the volcanic passage.A first phase of tensile fissure developed between 110 and 100 Ma, and magmatic hydrothermal upwelling between 102 and 87 Ma, and the fissure was half-filled with dolomite and turbidite. Large scale uplift of the area affected by Late Cretaceous tectonic transfor Mation, strong weathering, and developed weathering cracks and dissolution cracks; During the rifting period, there were two periods of Mag Matic hydrother Mal activity influenced by the movements of the first and second episodes of Zhuqiong, and the cracks were filled with chlorite and turbidite; During the South China Sea Movement and neotectonics, micro fractures were generated to connect Source rock. Organic acids entered the reservoir for further dissolution and transfor Mation. The fractures were not filled or half filled. Large scale oil and gas filling and accumulation took place at 5 to 13 Ma. This study provides a basis for comprehensive evaluation of reservoir characteristics and clarification of natural gas enrichment patterns in the study area.
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图 1 珠一坳陷惠州凹陷构造位置图及取样井位图
Fig. 1. Structural location map and sampling well location map of Huizhou sag in Zhuyi depression
图 3 HZ26-6潜山岩性和储集空间类型显微照片
a.H1井，4 027 m，细-微粒斜长角闪片岩；b.H1井，4 027 m，细-微粒斜长角闪片岩；c. H1井，3 796 m，阳起石片岩，岩石经历过碎裂岩化变形，见葡萄石（Prh）+绿泥石细脉；d.H3井，4 219 m，片岩，裂缝发育；e. H1井，3 713 m，片麻状细粒闪长岩；f. H3井，4 277 m，片麻状细-微粒闪长岩；g. H3井，4 395 m，碎裂花岗岩，见剪切缝，；h. H3井，4 395 m，碎裂花岗岩，见张裂缝；i. H1井，4 235 m，中粒黑云母二长花岗质碎斑岩；j.H7井，4 251 m，辉绿玢岩；k.H1井，3 796 m，阳起石片岩，浊沸石充填并溶蚀；l. H3井，4 119 m，花岗岩，溶蚀缝中充填有机质
Fig. 3. Microscopic photos of lithology and reservoir space types of HZ26-6 buried hill
图 4 惠州26-6构造代表性样品锆石U-Pb年龄图及锆石阴极发光(CL)照片
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb age diagram and zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) photo of representative samples from Huizhou 26-6 structure
图 5 惠州26-6潜山成储演化序列
Fig. 5. Evolution sequence of buried hill reservoir in Huizhou 26-6
图 6 H1井Ⅰ~Ⅱ期岩浆活动锆石定年年龄频率图
Fig. 6. Frequency diagram of zircon dating age of I~II magmatic activity in well H1
图 7 惠州26-6潜山Ⅰ~Ⅱ期岩浆活动与裂缝发育微观特征
a. H1井，4 040 m，片岩，原岩为辉长岩质糜棱岩；b.H1井，4 219 m，片岩，原岩基性凝灰岩；c.H1井，4 245 m，花岗岩
Fig. 7. Microscopic characteristics of magmatic activity and fracture development in stage I~II of Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
图 8 H1井角闪片岩段晚期岩浆活动锆石CL特征
Fig. 8. Cathodoluminescence(CL) characteristics of zircons from the late magmatic activity in the hornblende schist section of Well H1
图 9 惠州26-6潜山Ⅰ~Ⅲ期岩浆活动锆石定年年龄峰值图
Fig. 9. Peak age of zircon dating of stage I~III magmatic activity in Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
图 10 惠州26-6潜山Ⅰ~Ⅲ期岩浆活动裂缝发育微观特征
a. H1井，3 713 m，片麻状细粒闪长岩，早期裂隙带发育碎粉岩，晚期裂隙内贯入花岗细晶岩脉，单偏光；b. 与a同视域，正交光；c. H1，3 812 m，含方解石正长岩脉的阳起石片岩，单偏光；d. H1，3 812 m，与c同视域，正交光；e. H3，4 072 m，花岗质构造角砾岩，单偏光；f. H3，4 072 m，与e同视域，正交光；g. H3，4 185 m，含花岗岩脉的浅闪石片岩，单偏光；h. H3，4 185 m，与g同视域，正交光
Fig. 10. Microscopic characteristics of I~III stage magmatic activity fracture development in Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
图 11 惠州26-6潜山构造Ⅲ~Ⅳ期岩浆活动与裂缝发育微观特征
H3，4 115 m，花岗质构造角砾岩；碎基由断层泥组成，伴有铁质尘埃和绿泥石（左：单偏光，右：正交光）
Fig. 11. Microscopic characteristics of magmatic activity and fracture development in stage III~IV of Huizhou 26-6 buried hill structure
图 12 惠州26-6潜山构造喜山期裂缝发育微观特征
a. H7井，4 172 m，碎裂花岗岩，裂缝中充填白云石与浊沸石，单偏光；b. H7井，4 172 m，与a同视域，正交光；c. H7井，4 172 m，a视域向右延伸的裂缝微观特征，在早期裂缝基础上发育溶蚀缝，溶蚀缝中先后充填绿泥石、浊沸石、黄铁矿，单偏光；d. H7井，4 172 m，与c同视域，正交光；e. H7井，4 172 m，未充填溶蚀缝中见有机质，单偏光；f. H3井，4 298.5 m，未充填溶蚀缝和溶蚀孔中见有机质，单偏光；g. H3，4 078.4 m，花岗岩，早期裂缝中充填方解石与浊沸石，晚期裂缝开启早期裂缝，晚期裂缝附近见溶蚀作用，单偏光；h. H3，4 078.4 m，与g同视域，正交光
Fig. 12. Microscopic characteristics of fracture development in Himalayan period of Huizhou 26-6 buried hill structure
图 13 惠州26-6潜山各井裂缝方向
Fig. 13. Fracture direction of each well in Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
图 14 惠州26-6潜山现今最大主应力方向
Fig. 14. The present maximum principal stress direction of Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
表 1 惠州26-6潜山各井锆石定年年龄
Table 1. Zircon dating age of each well in Huizhou 26-6 buried hill
序号 井号 深度（m） 岩性 锆石定年峰值年龄（Ma） Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 166~145 140~125 120~110 102~87 ~65 42~35 1 H1 3 747~3 757 阳起石片岩 153.3
(n=21)116
(n=26)96~99
(n=2)2 H1 3 847~3 857 角闪片岩（原岩玄武岩） 154.3
(n=15)116
(n=11)98~102
(n=3)3 H1 4 047~4 057 角闪岩（原岩玄武岩） 162.7
(n=29)140~127
(n=5）4 H1 4 097~4 107 片岩（原岩基性火山岩） 163.8
(n=69)132~134
(n=2)5 H1 4 187~4 197 角闪片岩（原岩基性火山岩） 155.4
(n=93)126~135
(n=5)116~117
(n=2)6 H1 4 237~4 247 花岗岩 133.8
(n=84)7 H3 4 070~4 080 花岗质构造角砾岩 110
(n=85)95
(n=1)8 H3 4 180~4 190 片岩（原岩基性火山岩） 145
(n=72)9 H3 4 395~4 405 花岗岩 113.4
(n=68)87~96
(n=2)63
(n=1)10 H4 4 027~4 067 蚀变闪长岩 115
(n=56)38~42
(n=2)11 H4 4 145~4 180 角闪片岩（原岩基性火山岩） 115
(n=48)12 H4 4 260~4 290 角闪片岩 151
(n=12)115
(n=56)35
(n=1)13 H4 4 345~4 350 花岗岩 113
(n=55)14 H7 4 085~4 095 碎裂花岗岩 111.4
(n=101)15 H7 4 330~4 340 花岗岩 113.2
(n=97)注：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ指岩浆活动期次；n指对应年龄峰值的锆石数量 
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