Co-Seismic Rupture Distribution of the Türkiye Double Earthquakes Estimated Based on Priori-Constraints and InSAR Data
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摘要: 2023年2月6日土耳其发生了两次震级大于7.0级的破坏性大地震. 迄今为止，用不同观测资料得到的土耳其破裂模型仍存在较大的差异，其中美国地质调查局给出的有限断层模型是目前所能得到的最为准确的一个综合性模型，所以我们选择采用美国地质调查局给出的有限断层模型作为本研究的先验模型，并结合哨兵一号获取的InSAR观测数据反演出土耳其双震的同震破裂分布，得到的结果如下：（1）反演得出的总地震矩为1.626 8 × 1021 N∙m，相当于一次Mw8.1级的大地震；（2）在东安纳托利亚主断层上的破裂多集中在地下0~15 km的范围内，东安纳托利亚北部分支断层Çardak-Sürgü断裂带上的破裂多集中在地下5~20 km范围内. 在东安纳托利亚主断层中，破裂呈现为两个明显的高值区，一处位于Narlıdağ断裂带与东安纳托利亚主断层的交汇处，另一处位于Narlıdağ断裂带与东安纳托利亚主断层的交汇处往西南方向大约65 km的位置，其中破裂的最大走滑分量可达到9.0 m，最大的倾滑分量约为3.0 m；在Çardak-Sürgü断裂带中，总体形态表现为两个高值区，一个位于7.5级土耳其地震的震中附近，一个则是位于Çardak-Sürgü断层西北角东南-西北走向与东北-西南走向断层的交汇处，其中走滑分量的最大值约为8.1 m，倾滑分量的最值约为6.1 m. 土耳其双震产生的破裂以走滑分量为主，倾滑分量为辅，且两个发震断层东安纳托利亚主断层和Çardak-Sürgü断裂带总体都呈现为左旋走滑性质，但在局部范围内也呈现出明显的逆冲性质与正断性质.Abstract: Two destructive earthquake with magnitude greater than 7.0 occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023. So far, there are still large differences in the seismic rupture models of Türkiye obtained with different observations. Among them, the finite fault model given by United States Geological Survey is the most accurate comprehensive model available at present. Therefore, by adopting the finite fault model from the USGS as the prior model, we invert thecoseismic rupture distribution of twins strong earthquakes inTürkiye, by using the InSAR observation data from Sentinel-1. Our results reveal that: (1) The total seismic moment obtained from the inversion is 1.626 8 × 1021 N∙m, which is equivalent to a large earthquake with a magnitude of Mw8.1; (2) The rupture on the East Anatolian Main fault is mainly concentrated in the range of 0-15 km underground and the rupture on the Çardak-Sürgü Fault zone, but the rupture in the northern branch fault of East Anatolian fault is mostly focused in the depth range of 5-20 km. In the East Anatolian Main fault, the rupture presents two obvious high-value zones. One located at the intersection of the Narlıdağ Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Main Fault, and the other located approximately 65 km southwest of the intersection of the Narlıdağ Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Main Fault. The maximum strike-slip component of the rupture can reach 9.0 m and the maximum dip-slip component is approximately 3.0 m. In the Çardak-Sürgü Fault, the general pattern also shows two high-value zones, one located near the epicenter of the earthquake of magnitude 7.5 in Türkiye and one at the intersection of the southeast-northwest-trending and northeast-southwest-trending faults in the northwest corner of the Çardak-Sürgü Fault. The maximum value of the strike-slip component is approximately 8.1 m and the maximum value of the dip-slip component is approximately 6.1 m. The rupture produced by the twin earthquake in Türkiye is dominated by the strike-slip component and supplemented by the dip-slip component. Furthermore, the twin seismogenic faults, the East Anatolian Main fault and Çardak-Sürgü Fault zone, are both generally sinistral slip in nature. However, it alsoshows there are some thrust slip and normal slip in nature on a local scale.
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图 1 本研究区域的地质构造背景
黑色五角星代表土耳其两次地震的震中；紫色线表示地表破裂迹线；红色线表示土耳其周边地区断层；黑色线表示板块边界；ÇSF. Çardak-Sürgü断裂带；NFZ. Narlıdağ断裂带；断层数据来源：Richard Styron（2019）. GEMScienceTools/gem-global-active-faults：First release of 2019（2019.0）. Zenodo.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3376300 Fig. 1. The seimotectonic background of the study region
图 2 哨兵一号获取的InSAR的LOS（line of sight）干涉影像图
和图 1采用的图例相一致，紫色线为地表破裂迹线，而黑色五角星表示土耳其地震的震中
Fig. 2. Line of sight interferometric image of the InSAR acquired by Sentinel-1
图 3 地表破裂端点与破裂迹线关系图
Fig. 3. Map of surface endpoints of the fault model and rupture traces
图 4 土耳其双震及余震震源机制解分布图
图中圆圈的大小表示地震震级，红色五角星为土耳其双震的震中位置
Fig. 4. Distribution of twin earthquakes and after shocks focal mechanisms in Türkiye
图 5 土耳其双震及余震产生的位移场
a. 表示土耳其双震产生的位移场；b. 表示余震产生的位移场
Fig. 5. Displacement fields generated by twin earthquakes and aftershocks in Türkiye
图 8 InSAR数据拟合后LOS位移的残差图
Fig. 8. Residual plots of LOS displacement after fitting of InSAR data
图 9 聚类分析中4个子区域的划分图
颜色代表着不同区域内的震源机制解，4个区域分别是红色、黄色、绿色、黑色所在区域，紫色震源机制解表示在聚类分析中没有使用到震源机制数据
Fig. 9. Map of the four sub-regions in cluster analysis
表 1 聚类分析不同区域走向与反演结果走向的对比
Table 1. Comparison of the strike of different regions of the cluster analysis with the strike of the inversion results
区域 走向(°) 反向走向(°) 聚类所用界面数 节面1走向(°) 标准差(°) 置信区间(°) 红色 27.86 207.86 10 198.02 15.85 180.55~215.49 黄色 62.96 242.96 10 257.86 24.69 239.66~277.75 绿色 264.45 84.45 16 234.92 30.31 202.59~267.25 黑色 56.86 236.86 4 45.06 20.61 19.86~70.27 
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