Applications and Prospective of X-Ray Scattering on Geological Porous Media
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摘要: 能源地质领域多以地质多孔材料(如矿物、岩石、土壤等)为研究对象，应用于常规-非常规油气勘探开发、传统与关键矿物开采、地热能利用、二氧化碳捕集与封存、放射性核废料储存、氢能储存与利用等方向.然而，随着常规研究手段对多孔介质材料性质研究进入理论及技术上的瓶颈期，以X射线散射为代表的高通量大科学装置逐步崭露头角，开辟了地质多孔介质材料无损，从nm至cm级尺寸结构二维、三维表征的新手段.鉴于X射线散射并未在能源地质领域中得到广泛的应用，本文面向能源地质工作者介绍X射线散射的基本原理、在能源地质领域中的应用历程与实例及国内外的同步辐射线站，并对X射线散射在地质多孔介质表征领域的应用前景提出展望，以推动X射线散射在能源地质领域的研究及广泛应用.Abstract: The field of energy geology mainly focuses on geological porous materials (such as minerals, rocks, and soil) as research targets which are applied to conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, traditional and critical mineral exploitation, geothermal energy utilization, carbon dioxide capture and storage, radioactive nuclear waste storage, and hydrogen energy storage and utilization. However, with the routine research methods to study the properties of porous media materials entering the bottleneck period in theory and technology, the high-flux large scientific devices represented by X-ray scattering have gradually emerged, opening up a new method for non-destructive characterization of geological porous media materials from nm to cm size structure two-dimensional and three-dimensional characterization. Since X-ray scattering has not been widely used in the field of energy geology, in this paper it introduces the basic principle of X-ray scattering, its application history, examples in the field of energy geology, and synchrotron radiation stations in China and abroad for energy geologists. Besides, in this paper it proposes the prospect of X-ray scattering in the field of geological porous media characterization to promote the research of X-ray scattering in the field of energy geology and its wide application.
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图 3 X射线散射矢量范围修改自(Wang et al., 2021)
Fig. 3. Scattering vector range of X⁃ray scattering (modiflied from Wang et al., 2021)
图 6 X射线散射在地质多孔介质上的文章统计及应用历程
a.1980—2023年X射线散射在地质介质中应用的发文数量；b.各研究主题在1980—2023年文章数量；c.X射线散射在地质多孔介质上的应用历程
Fig. 6. Article statistics and application of X⁃ray scattering in geological porous media
图 7 建有X射线散射线站的同步辐射实验室地图
a.亚太地区；b.欧洲地区；c.美洲地区
Fig. 7. Maps of synchrotron radiation laboratory with X⁃ray scattering beamline
图 8 小角X射线散射、高压压汞、氮气吸附孔径分布表征对比(Zhang et al., 2021b)
Fig. 8. Comparison of the pore structure results of small⁃angle X⁃ray scattering, mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption (Zhang et al., 2021b)
图 9 USAXS⁃SAXS表征岩石多样品尺寸孔径分布(Wang et al., 2023)
Fig. 9. Pore diameter characterization of various particle⁃sized rocks by USAXS⁃SAXS (Wang et al., 2023)
图 10 不同温度下的针硅钙石WAXS曲线和SAXS曲线(Shaw et al., 2000)
Fig. 10. WAXS and SAXS curves of hillebrandite under different temperature (Shaw et al., 2000)
图 11 页岩从室温加热到1 150 ℃的USAXS⁃SAXS散射曲线(Liu and Gadikota, 2018b)
Fig. 11. USAXS⁃SAXS curves of shale heated from room temperature to 1 150 ℃ (Liu and Gadikota, 2018b)
图 12 使用SAXS显微镜研究Opalinus黏土非均质性(Leu et al., 2016)
Fig. 12. Using SAXS microscopy to investigate the heterogeneity of Opalinus clay (Leu et al., 2016)
图 13 Eagle Ford页岩孔隙度和比表面积空间分布(Wang et al., 2023)
Fig. 13. Porosity and surface area spatial distribution of Eagle Ford shale (Wang et al., 2023)
图 14 Eagle Ford页岩WAXS结果(Wang et al., 2023)
Fig. 14. WAXS results of Eagle Ford shale (Wang et al., 2023)
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