The Differential Genetic Mechanism and Model of the Lower Paleozoic Carbonate Buried Hill Reservoirs in the Western Bohai Sea
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摘要: 渤海西部下古生界碳酸盐岩潜山钻探证实寻找厚层优质储层是潜山勘探的关键. 根据钻井揭示下古生界储层特征和分布存在较大的差异，反应了储层成因存在本质差别. 基于断裂发育及构造演化分析，首次建立渤海西部剥蚀残丘型和剥蚀断块型两类碳酸盐岩潜山，在明确潜山类型划分的基础上，开展了两大类潜山储层差异成因机制分析. 结果表明，残丘型潜山形成岩溶体储层，在微古地貌控制下的岩溶古水系坡度越大的区带，岩溶体储层发育程度越大，形成枝蔓式储层发育模式；断块型潜山形成缝溶体储层，在多期构造应力叠加区，有效裂缝更为发育，储层厚度更大，形成裂隙式储层发育模式. 明确渤海西部不同潜山类型碳酸盐岩储层差异成因及模式，对下一步碳酸盐岩区油气勘探具有一定的指导意义.Abstract: Drilling of carbonate buried hills in the Lower Paleozoic in the western Bohai Sea has confirmed that finding thick and high-quality reservoirs is the key to buried hill exploration. According to drilling, there are great differences in the characteristics and distribution of the Lower Paleozoic reservoirs, which reflects the essential differences in the genesis of the reservoirs. Based on the analysis of fault development and tectonic evolution, two types of carbonate buried hills in the western Bohai Sea, denudation residual hill type and denudation fault block type, are established for the first time in this paper. The results show that the residual hill type buried hills form karst reservoirs. The more developed the karst paleo-water system is under the control of micro-paleomorphology, the greater the degree of development of karst reservoirs, and the development pattern of dendritic reservoirs is formed; Fault-block buried hills form fracture-melt reservoirs. In the multi-phase tectonic stress superposition area, effective fractures are more developed and the reservoir thickness is larger, forming a fractured reservoir development model. Identifying the different genesis and patterns of carbonate reservoirs of different buried hill types in the western Bohai Sea has certain guiding significance for the next step of hydrocarbon exploration in carbonate rock areas.
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图 2 渤海碳酸盐岩潜山分类依据
Fig. 2. Classification basis of carbonate buried hills in the Bohai Sea
图 3 渤中21残丘型潜山储层发育特征
Fig. 3. Development characteristics of buried hill reservoirs in Bozhong 21 residual hill type
图 4 渤中21残丘型潜山典型井岩溶储层能谱测井和地球化学元素纵向分布
Fig. 4. Vertical distribution of energy spectrum logging and geochemical elements in Karst reservoirs of typical well in Bozhong 21 residual hill buried hills
图 5 渤中21构造区古水系分布
Fig. 5. Distribution of paleowater systems in Bozhong 21 structural area
图 6 渤中21构造区距古水系远近与储层物性关系
Fig. 6. The relationship between the distance from the paleowater system and the physical properties of the reservoir in the Bozhong 21 structural area
图 7 渤中21构造区古水系地形坡度与储层厚度对应关系
Fig. 7. Corresponding relationship between topographic slope and reservoir thickness of paleo-water system in Bozhong 21 structural area
图 8 渤中21残丘型潜山岩溶体储层发育模式
Fig. 8. Development model of karst reservoirs in Bozhong 21 residual hill type buried hill
图 9 曹妃甸构造区断块型潜山储层发育特征
a.裂缝发育宽度大，沿裂缝带形成溶蚀孔，CFD2-A井，3 396~3 400 m，成像测井；b. 裂缝发育宽度大，沿裂缝带溶蚀作用强，CFD2-A井，3 455~3 459 m，成像测井；c. 隐晶粒屑灰岩，沿裂缝见明显溶蚀现象，CFD2-A井，3 456 m，铸体薄片10（+）；d. 裂缝发育宽度小，裂缝发生部分溶蚀，CFD2-B井，4 334~4 336 m，成像测井；e. 裂缝发育宽度较小，沿裂缝溶蚀作用弱，CFD2-B井，4 360~4 362 m，成像测井；f. 泥晶灰岩，裂缝充填作用严重，溶蚀较弱，CFD2-B井，4 335 m，铸体薄片10（+）
Fig. 9. Development characteristics of fault-block buried hill reservoirs in Caofeidian structural area
图 10 曹妃甸构造区断裂期次与裂缝规模对应关系
Fig. 10. Corresponding relationship between fault periods and crack sizes in Caofeidian structural area
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