Fluid Characteristics and Mineralization Process of Cryptoexplosive Breccia-Type Li-Rb Ore Body in Weilasituo Deposit, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 维拉斯托矿床同时发育碱长花岗岩型锡铷矿体、隐爆角砾岩型锂铷矿体和石英脉型锡矿体，其中隐爆角砾岩型矿体位于另外两类矿体之间，是理解该矿床成矿过程和成因的关键.以隐爆角砾型矿体中石英晶体及其中的流体包裹体为主要研究对象，通过石英阴极发光、流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼和原位氧同位素等测试手段，探索流体演化与锂铷矿化的关系.研究结果表明，隐爆角砾岩中的石英晶体生长经历了3个阶段（Q1、Q2和Q3）.从Q1到Q2，包裹体盐度相似、均一温度降低、石英氧同位素变轻，指示大气降水加入增多.综合前人与本次研究成果，认为维拉斯托隐爆角砾岩型矿石是岩体顶部隐爆作用的产物，减压的岩浆热液在上升过程中与大气降水发生了不同程度的混合，造成了其中富锂云母的沉淀和锂铷的矿化.Abstract: Three main types of ore bdies are well developed in the Weilasituo deposit, including alkaline granite type Sn-Rb ore body, cryptoexplosive breccia-type Li-Rb ore body, and quartz vein type Sn ore body. The cryptoexplosive breccia-type ore body was located between the other two types of ore bodies and was assumed as the key point to understand the process and genesis of the cryptoexplosive breccia-type ore body. This contribution mainly focuses on quartz crystals and fluid inclusions therein from the cryptoexplosive breccia-type ore body. Through quartz cathodoluminescence imaging, fluid inclusion microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and in situ oxygen isotope analysis, it tries to address the relationship between fluid evolution and Li-Rb mineralization. Three stages (Q1, Q2, and Q3) of crystallization have been identified based on quartz CL imaging, while Q1 and Q2 are well-developed and closely related to Li-Rb mineralization. Fluid inclusions in Q2 exhibit similar salinity but lower homogeneous temperatures than those in Q1.The oxygen isotope composition of Q2 is lighter than that of Q1. Combined with previous and our study results, it is assumed that the cryptoexplosive breccia-type mineralization of Weilasituo should be formed by cryptoexplosion of volatile which converges on the top of mineralized porphyry, and the mixing of magmatic-hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water might control the precipitation process of zinnwaldite, and eventually form the cryptoexplosive breccia-type Li-Rb mineralization of Weilasituo.
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Key words:
- fluid inclusion /
- quartz oxygen isotope /
- cryptoexplosive breccia /
- lithium deposit /
- Weilasituo /
- petrology /
- mineral deposits
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图 1 大兴安岭南段区域地质图
a.大地构造简图b.区域地质与锡多金属矿床分布图；据武广等（2021）修改
Fig. 1. Regional geology and tectonic setting of the of the southern Great Hinggan
图 2 维拉斯托矿床矿区地质简图(据武广等, 2021修改)
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the mining area of Weilasituo deposit (modified after Wu et al., 2021)
图 3 维拉斯托锂锡多金属矿床剖面示意图(据Liu et al., 2016修改)
Fig. 3. Geological cross⁃section of the Weilasituo tin⁃polymetallic deposit (modified after Liu et al., 2016)
图 4 维拉斯托碱长花岗岩代表性岩性照片
a.天河石化碱长花岗岩手标本；b.钠长石化碱长花岗岩手标本；Cst.锡石；Sp.闪锌矿；Qz.石英
Fig. 4. Photographs of alkaline granite of the Weilasituo deposit
图 5 维拉斯托矿床隐爆角砾岩代表性矿石野外和手标本照片
a.隐爆角砾岩野外照片；b.岩心照片，隐爆角砾岩中碎屑角砾被石英交结；c.与石英共生的铁锂云母；d.角砾岩中自形的石英晶体；Qz.石英；Znw.铁锂云母；Breccia.角砾岩
Fig. 5. Photographs of field and hand specimens for cryptoexplosive breccia of the Weilasituo deposit
图 6 维拉斯托石英脉体代表型岩性照片
a，b.石英脉岩体手标本；Qz.石英；Cst.锡石；Sp.闪锌矿
Fig. 6. Photographs of cassiterite⁃bearing quartz vein of the Weilasituo deposit
图 7 隐爆角砾岩中石英的阴极发光和显微镜下照片
a.沿c轴切割得到的整颗石英截面.阴极发光图像显示了石英的生成顺序，Q1为阴极发光图像亮白色且具振荡环带的石英；Q2为阴极发光图像黑色且具振荡环带的石英；Q3则为阴极发光图像亮白色且不具振荡环带的石英；b.铁锂云母与Q1的接触关系，铁锂云母晚于Q1；c.铁锂云母与Q2的接触关系，铁锂云母与Q2同期；d，e.正交偏光下铁锂云母与石英的接触关系；Qz.石英；Znw.铁锂云母；FI.萤石
Fig. 7. Cathodoluminescence images and microphotograpes of quartz from the cryptoexplosive breccia of the Weilasituo deposit
图 8 Q1和Q2中代表性流体包裹体的显微照片
a.Q1中的PL型和L型包裹体；b.Q1中的L型包裹体；c.Q1中的L型包裹体；d.Q1中的V型包裹体；e.Q1中的H型包裹体；f.Q2中原生流体包裹体组合
Fig. 8. Micrographs of representative fluid inclusions in stage Q1 and stage Q2 of from the cryptoexplosive breccia
图 9 Q1和Q2中代表性流体包裹体拉曼光谱
a，b. Q1中包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、CH4和H2O；c. Q2中包裹体气相成分主要为CH4和H2O；d.Q1和Q2包裹体液相成分为H2O
Fig. 9. Raman spectra for representative fluid inclusions in stages Q1 and Q2
图 10 Q1和Q2中包裹体均一温度(a)和盐度(b)直方图
Fig. 10. Homogeneous temperature (a) and salinity (b) histograms of fluid inclusions from stage Q1 and stage Q2
图 11 维拉斯托矿床流体包裹体的压力估计(a)与均一温度与密度关系图解(b)
a. 流体等压线；据Driesner and Heinrich（2007）方程计算；b.流体密度变化曲线；底图据Bodnar（1983）；斑岩阶段数据引自权鸿雁等（2017）；刘瑞麟等（2018）；石英脉数据引自Han et al.（2023）
Fig. 11. Diagram of the relationship between homogeneous temperature⁃pressure (a) and homogeneous temperature⁃density of fluid inclusions (b) in the Weilasituo deposit
图 13 维拉斯托矿床的成矿流体的δ18O$ {}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{}} $⁃δD同位素组成(据Taylor，1974修改)
Fig. 13. δ18O$ {}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{}} $⁃δD isotope composition of ore⁃forming fluid in the Weilasituo deposit (modified after Taylor, 1974)
表 1 维拉斯托隐爆角砾岩FIA测温数据
Table 1. FIA temperature measurement data of cryptoexplosive breccia of Weilasituo
阶段 采集点 薄片数量 包裹体数量 寄主矿物 包裹体类型 冰点温度(℃) 均一温度(℃) 盐度(%NaCl eqv) 密度(g/cm-3) Q1 地表 2 34 石英 L、V -5.6~-3.1 256~312 5.1~8.7 0.79~0.87 Q2 地表 2 7 石英 L -5.1~-4.5 217~233 7.2~8.0 0.89~0.91 注：盐度为质量百分含量. 
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表 2 维拉斯托隐爆角砾岩阶段与其他阶段石英中的氧同位素组成
Table 2. Oxygen isotope compositions of quartz from the cryptoexplosive breccia and other ore bodies of the Weilasituo deposit
样品编号 测试矿物 成矿阶段 阶段 δ18O水(‰) T(℃) 数据来源 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.7 279 本文 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.9 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.8 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.9 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.1 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.2 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.4 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.4 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.6 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.9 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 5.2 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 5.1 279 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.9 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.9 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 5.3 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.7 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 5.0 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 5.0 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.7 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.4 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.2 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.2 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 4.1 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.9 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.7 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q1 3.7 279 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q2 1.3 223 WLST-02 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q2 1.4 223 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q2 0.7 223 21XL-08 石英 隐爆角砾岩阶段 Q2 0.9 223 WZK10 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 7.9 429 刘瑞麟等(2018) WZK10 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 6.3 429 W26 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 7.1 429 W37 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 8.5 429 ZK23 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 8.3 429 ZK2-2 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 8.5 351 ZK3-1 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 7.8 351 ZK32-2 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 7.6 351 WL0 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 7.0 351 W35 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 5.8 351 W51 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 4.9 351 W51-1 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 4.9 279 ZK2 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ 4.3 279 W19 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅳ 4.3 279 W22-1 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅳ 3.2 279 W28 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅳ 3.5 279 W39-1 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅳ 4.7 279 W51-6 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅳ 3.8 279 17WL-8 石英 石英脉阶段 - 2.98 259 江超云(2019) 17WL-23 石英 石英脉阶段 - 2.68 259 17WL-24 石英 石英脉阶段 - 1.38 259 17WL-26 石英 石英脉阶段 - 3.38 259 17WL-30 石英 石英脉阶段 - 3.28 259 15wls-13 石英 石英脉阶段 - 2.48 259 15wls-13 石英 石英脉阶段 - 2.58 240 - 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅲ -1.2 200 权鸿雁等(2017) - 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅱ 4.6 250 - 石英 石英脉阶段 Ⅱ 2.3 250 - 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 6.6 300 - 石英 斑岩阶段 Ⅰ 7.0 300
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