Genesis of Xingfengshan Au-W Deposit in Central Hunan Province: Constraints from Hydrothermal Apatite U-Pb Dating and In Situ S Isotopes
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摘要: 杏枫山是湘中成矿带的一个代表性的金钨矿床，其金成矿时代、成矿物质来源与矿床成因尚存较大争议.在详细岩相学观察的基础上，借助LA⁃（MC）⁃ICP⁃MS分析手段，对该矿床席状含金石英细脉中的热液磷灰石开展原位U⁃Pb测年和载金毒砂的原位S同位素分析，以限定金矿化时代、示踪成矿物质来源，深化对矿床成因的认识.含金石英脉中热液磷灰石的U⁃Pb年龄为215.1±7.5 Ma，与白马山复式岩体的侵位时代一致.毒砂的δ34S值集中分布在-9.2‰~-7.7‰，表明成矿物质来自岩浆热液和围岩地层的混合.研究表明，杏枫山矿床W矿化和Au矿化均发生于晚三叠世，二者可能与白马山岩体具有密切的成因联系，杏枫山矿床应该属于与侵入岩有关的金矿床.
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关键词:
- 热液磷灰石U-Pb定年 /
- 原位S同位素 /
- 杏枫山金钨矿床 /
- 湘中成矿带 /
- 与侵入岩有关的金矿床 /
- 矿床学
Abstract: Xingfengshan is a representative gold-tungsten deposit in the Xiangzhong metallogenic belt. The age of gold mineralization, the source of ore-forming metals and the genesis of the deposit are still controversial. Based on detailed petrographic observation and LA-(MC)-ICP-MS analysis, in situ U-Pb dating of hydrothermal apatite and in situ S-isotope analysis of arsenopyrite in the auriferous quartz veins are carried out in this paper to constrain the age of gold mineralization, trace the source of ore-forming metals, and deepen the understanding of the genesis of the deposit. The U-Pb age of hydrothermal apatite in gold-bearing quartz veins is 215.1±7.5 Ma, which is consistent with the intrusion age of the Baimashan complex. The δ34S values of arsenopyrite are centrally distributed between -9.2‰ to -7.7‰, indicating that the ore-forming metal is derived from a mixture of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and host rocks.. The study shows that the W mineralization and Au mineralization of the Xingfengshan deposit occurred in the Late Triassic, and both may be the products of magmatic activities of the Baimashan igneous complex, and the Xingfengshan deposit should belong to the intrusion-related gold deposit. -
图 1 湘中Au⁃Sb⁃W矿集区地质图(据 Li et al., 2021)
Fig. 1. Regional geological map of the Xiangzhong Au⁃Sb⁃W ore district (after Li et al., 2021)
图 2 杏枫山地区区域地质图(a)和杏枫山金钨矿床地质简图(b)(据肖静芸等，2020)
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Xingfengshan area (a) and geological sketch map of the Xingfengshan Au⁃W deposit (b) (after Xiao et al., 2020)
图 3 杏枫山矿床的矿化特征
a.740中段席状含金石英脉；b.含金石英脉；c.浸染状金矿石；d.围岩板岩中层状磁黄铁矿；e.自形毒砂呈浸染状分布于含金石英细脉中；f.毒砂与石英和绿泥石紧密共生.矿物缩写：Apy.毒砂；Chl.绿泥石；Po.磁黄铁矿；Qz.石英
Fig. 3. Photographs showing the mineralization and ore textures of the Xingfengshan deposit
图 4 杏枫山矿床金矿石TIMA图像揭示磷灰石与含金毒砂等矿物的共生关系
Ap.磷灰石；Apy.毒砂；Chl.绿泥石；Fl.萤石；Qz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Ab.钠长石；Bio.黑云母
Fig. 4. TIMA mineral phase maps showing relationships between apatite and auriferous arsenopyrite in the gold ores from the Xingfengshan deposit
图 5 杏枫山矿床石英脉中磷灰石的结构特征
a.石英脉中半自形磷灰石集合体；b. 他形磷灰石颗粒与绿泥石密切共生；c. 半自形-他形磷灰石与毒砂紧密共生；d. 他形磷灰石与毒砂、萤石共生.矿物缩写：Ap.磷灰石；Apy.毒砂；Chl.绿泥石；Fl.萤石；Qz.石英
Fig. 5. Backscattered⁃electron images showing textural features of different apatites in the auriferous quartz veins of the Xingfengshan deposit
图 6 杏枫山金矿脉中磷灰石稀土元素球粒陨石标准配分图(a, McDonough and Sun (1995)，热液磷灰石组成引自Ma et al. (2022))和热液成因判别图解(b, 底图据O’Sullivan et al. (2020))
Fig. 6. Chondrite⁃normalized (a, McDonough and Sun, 1995) apatite rare earth element (REE) plot from the Xingfengshan deposit, the data of hydrotehrmal apatite are from Ma et al. (2022) and hydrothermal classification of apatite from the Xingfengshan deposit (b) based on the classification scheme of O'Sullivan et al.(2020)
图 7 杏枫山矿床热液磷灰石U⁃Pb同位素Tera⁃Wasserburg图解
Fig. 7. Tera⁃Wasserburg U⁃Pb plot for hydrothermal apatite from the Xingfengshan deposit
图 9 湘中地区早中生代成岩-成矿年代学格架图
数据来源：白马山岩体（Fu et al.，2015；王川等，2021），包金山（王永磊等，2012），杏枫山（本文；吕沅峻等，2021），龙山（Zhang et al.，2019b），古台山（Li et al.，2018），铲子坪和大坪（李华芹等，2008），渣滓溪（彭建堂等，2021）
Fig. 9. Timelines illustrating the age of Au⁃Sb⁃W mineralization and igneous activity in the Xiangzhong area
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