Multiple Décollement Model and Its Petroleum Geological Significance in Kelasu Subsalt Structural Belt, Kuqa Depression
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摘要: 为了精细刻画库车坳陷克拉苏构造盐下深层构造模型和空间变化规律, 通过对高质量连片三维地震资料的精细解释, 发现克拉苏构造带盐下深层存在多滑脱层变形, 侏罗系煤系地层是盐下的主要滑脱层, 克拉苏构造带东部发育三叠系下滑脱层, 而西部不发育.下滑脱层是否发育与基底形态控制的三叠系厚度和岩性有关.侏罗系煤系作为滑脱层, 三叠系、侏罗系烃源岩分层运聚成藏, 从而使克拉苏盐下深层形成中组合和下组合两套成藏体系, 其中三叠系‒侏罗系阳霞组构成的下组合构造相对稳定, 深大断裂未向上沟通, 深层油气有效保存, 可能发育聚集了三叠系近源油气的大型油气藏, 是将来克拉苏深层勘探重点领域.Abstract: To further investigate the subsalt structure and its spatial variations within the Kelasu structural belt of the Kuqa Depression, we conducted a detailed structural interpretation of the latest high-quality 3D seismic data in this study. The findings reveal the presence of multiple subsalt décollements that significantly control the subsalt structures in the deep areas of the Kelasu structural belt. Specifically, the Jurassic coal-bearing strata emerge as the primary décollement layer beneath the salt layer. Additionally, lower décollement layer within the Triassic strata were observed in the eastern Kelasu structural belt, while they were absent in the western part. The formation of the lower décollement layer is predominantly influenced by the thickness and lithological composition of the Triassic strata, which are in turn controlled by the shape of the basement. Serving as décollement layer, the Jurassic coal-bearing strata facilitate the stratified migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons sourced from the Triassic and Jurassic formations. Consequently, this process has resulted in the development of two distinct hydrocarbon reservoir systems within the deep subsalt layers of the Kuqa Depression: the mid-combination and lower-combination reservoir systems. Notably, the lower-combination reservoir system, primarily composed of the Triassic-Jurassic Yangxia Formation, is structurally stable and is unruptured by deeply situated large-scale faults. This stability may make it conducive to reservoir development that accumulates the Triassic near-source oil and gas, which is the key target for future deep exploration in the Kelasu structural belt.
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图 1 库车坳陷构造单元划分图（a）、克拉苏构造带平面展布图（b）和地层柱状图（c）
图 1a、1b分别据王清华等（2023）、田军等（2020）修改. FIKB.克北断裂；FIBK.博孜‒克拉断裂；FIKLS.克拉苏断裂；FIKS.克深断裂；FIBC.拜城断裂
Fig. 1. Division of structural units in Kuqa Depression （a）, fault system of Kelasu structural belt （b）, stratigraphic column in Kuqa Depression （c）
图 2 克深段典型地震剖面（a）及解释结果（b）（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 2. Typical seismic profile （a） and interpretation results （b） in the Keshen area
图 3 大北段典型地震剖面（a）及解释结果（b）（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 3. Typical seismic profile （a） and interpretation results （b） in the Dabei area
图 4 博孜段典型地震剖面（a）及解释结果（b）（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 4. Typical seismic profile （a） and interpretation results （b） in the Bozi area
图 5 克拉苏构造带东西向地震剖面（a）及解释结果（b）（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 5. E-W trending seismic profile （a） and interpretation results （b） in the Kelasu structural belt
图 6 过克深5井地震剖面（a）及解释结果（b）（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 6. Typical seismic profile （a） and interpretation results （b） passing through Keshen 5 Well
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