Oil and Gas Charge History of Eastern Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 白云凹陷位于珠江口盆地南部，是我国海洋深水油气勘探热点区，明确该地区的油气充注历史对于指导油气勘探至关重要.在油气藏解剖工作的基础上，基于流体包裹体分析、PVT和盆地模拟等手段，对白云凹陷东部的油气充注历史开展系统分析.研究结果表明：（1）白云凹陷东部以凝析气藏为主，局部发育少量油藏，整体表现出“上气下油”的分布格局，构造高点凝析气干燥系数和GOR相对较高；（2）储层中发育两类不同的石油包裹体组合（OIA）：Ⅰ类OIA在室温条件下呈气‒液两相，发黄白色、黄绿色荧光，气体充填度一般小于10%，均一温度为86.2~93.2 ℃，伴生盐水包裹体均一温度和冰点温度分别为100.9~104.1 ℃以及-4.3~-4.2 ℃；Ⅱ类OIA为气‒液或气‒液‒固三相，呈黄绿色、蓝绿色以及蓝白色等荧光，气体充填度为10%~30%，均一温度为71.1~112.4 ℃，伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度和冰点温度分别为96.8~108.6 ℃和-2.8~-2.4 ℃；（3）Ⅰ类石油包裹体对应的油气充注事件大约发生在10.8 Ma，整体表现为常压充注；Ⅱ类石油包裹体对应的油气充注年龄为2.8 Ma左右，整体表现出弱超压；（4）白云凹陷东部在珠江组‒韩江组沉积期形成一些油藏，粤海组沉积期至现今，深层天然气沿断裂与砂体输导通道向上运移调整，并对早期的油藏进行改造，通过运移分馏作用形成现今一系列的凝析气藏.Abstract: The Baiyun Sag, situated in the southern part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, is an area for active deep-water oil and gas exploration in China. Insight into the oil and gas charge history in the area is crucial for further oil and gas exploration. Based on detailed investigation of oil and gas reservoirs in the eastern Baiyun Sag, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the oil and gas charge history through an integrated fluid inclusion analysis, PVT and basin modeling. The results indicate that: (1) The eastern Baiyun Sag is dominated by gas condensate with some locally developed oil reservoirs. The overall distribution pattern shows that gas occurs in the shallow reservoirs while oil in the deeper reservoirs. In structural highs, gas condensate reservoirs are characterized by relatively high gas dryness coefficient and gas-oil ratio (GOR). (2) Two different types of oil inclusion assemblages (OIAs) have been identified in the reservoirs: Type Ⅰ OIA is characterized by gas-liquid phases at room temperature, emitting yellowish white and yellowish green fluorescence. The vapor filling degree is generally less than 10%, and the homogenization temperature (Th) is 86.2-93.2 ℃. The Th and final ice-melting temperature (Tm) of the coeval aqueous inclusions are 100.9-104.1 ℃ and -4.3 ℃ to -4.2 ℃, respectively. Type Ⅱ OIA is featured by gas-liquid or gas-liquid-solid phases at room temperature, with yellowish green, blue-green, and blue-white fluorescence. The vapor filling degree ranges from 10% to 30%, and the Th values are in the range of 71.1 ℃ to 112.4 ℃. The Th and Tm values of the coeval aqueous inclusions are 96.8-108.6 ℃ and -3.2 ℃ to -2.7 ℃, respectively. (3) The oil and gas charge event corresponding to Type Ⅰ OIA occurred at approximately 10.8 Ma under a normal hydrostatic pressure condition, whereas the equivalent oil and gas charge timing of Type Ⅱ OIA was around 2.8 Ma, under a weak overpressure condition. (4) Some oil reservoirs were entrapped in the eastern Baiyun Sag during the Zhujiang-Hanjiang Formation depositional periods. From the Yuehai Formation depositional period to the present, deep hydrocarbons, mainly in over-pressured gas, migrated vertically along faults upwards to the regional caprock, and then migrated laterally along interconnected sandbodies to accumulate in early traps, altering early oil accumulations and forming a series of condensate gas reservoirs via compositional fractionation during migration.
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图 1 珠江口盆地（a）、白云凹陷（b）构造单元划分及气藏平面分布
Fig. 1. Structural unit division and gas reservoir distribution of the Pearl River Mouth Basin (a) and Baiyun Sag (b)
图 2 白云凹陷地层综合柱状图（据施和生等，2014修改）
Fig. 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic bar chart of Baiyun Sag (modified after Shi et al., 2014)
图 3 白云凹陷东部地区油气藏剖面分布
Fig. 3. Distribution profile of oil and gas reservoirs in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 4 白云凹陷东部地区典型石油中正构烷烃摩尔分数对数与碳数的关系
Fig. 4. Correlations between logarithmic mole fraction and carbon number of n-alkanes in typical petroleum in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 5 白云凹陷东部地区流体包裹体与固体沥青显微照片
a、b. Ⅰ类石油包裹体孤立发育，UV激发光下呈黄白色荧光，L29A-1井，珠江组，2 470~2 485 m；c、d. 发育Ⅰ类石油包裹体的愈合裂隙被发育Ⅱ类石油包裹体的愈合裂隙切割，UV激发光下呈蓝白色荧光，L34A-1井，珠江组，3 038~3 052 m；e、f. Ⅱ类石油包裹体沿石英颗粒愈合裂隙发育，且同一组合内石油包裹体的荧光颜色存在差异，荧光颜色由蓝白色变成亮蓝色，L29A-1井，珠江组，2 470~2 485 m；g、h. Ⅱ类石油包裹体沿石英颗粒内部愈合裂隙发育，UV激发光下呈亮蓝色荧光，L34B-1井，珠海组，3 258~3 268 m；i、j. Ⅱ类石油包裹体在石英颗粒内孤立发育，高气液比（~50%），UV激发光下呈亮蓝色荧光，L29A-1井，珠江组，2 470~2 485 m；k、l. 储层孔隙中大量发育固体沥青，在UV激发光下呈黄褐色荧光或者不发荧光，L29A-2井，珠江组，2 573.5 m
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions and solid asphaltene in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 6 白云凹陷东部地区石油包裹体显微荧光光谱图（a）及荧光光谱参数交会图（b）
Fig. 6. Micro-fluorescence spectra (a) and cross plot of fluorescence spectral parameters (b) of oil inclusions in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 7 白云凹陷东部地区流体包裹体均一温度直方图（a）及均一温度与等效NaCl盐度交会图（b）
Fig. 7. Histogram of homogenization temperature (Th) (a) and cross plot of homogenization temperature (Th) and NaCl-equivalent salinity of fluid inclusions (b) in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 8 白云凹陷东部地区L34B-1井（a）、L29A-1（b）井埋藏史‒热史图及Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类石油包裹体对应的石油充注时间
Fig. 8. Burial-thermal evolution history of L34B-1 Well (a) and L29A-1 Well (b) in the eastern Baiyun Sag, showing the corresponding charge timing for type Ⅰ and Ⅱ oil inclusions
图 9 白云凹陷东部地区不同类型石油包裹体气体充填度特征汇总
Fig. 9. Summary of vapor filling degree characteristics of different types of oil inclusions in the eastern Baiyun Sag
图 10 白云凹陷东部地区Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类石油包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体PVT模拟结果
a. L34B-1井；b. L29A-1井
Fig. 10. PVT modelling results of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ oil inclusions in the eastern Baiyun Sag
表 1 白云凹陷东部地区油气藏井流物PVT数据
Table 1. PVT data of well fluids in oil and gas reservoirs in the eastern Baiyun Sag
井名 取样深度(m) 温度(℃) 地层压力(MPa) 油藏类型 GOR(m3/m3) 露点压力(MPa) C1*(%) C1/∑C1‒5* L3A-1 3 499.5 108.9 35.8 凝析气 / 35.7 82.5 0.89 L3A-2 3 169.0 106.6 33.0 凝析气 11 158.2 32.4 87.0 0.91 L3A-3 3 140.5 103.2 32.9 凝析气 13 237.0 32.7 88.7 0.92 L3A-4 3 163.0 99.0 33.0 凝析气 12 348.0 30.3 88.8 0.92 L3B-1 3 324.0 115.5 34.2 凝析气 7 117.0 31.5 83.6 0.87 L3B-2 3 504.5 98.8 36.1 凝析气 8 448.4 35.5 85.3 0.89 L3B-3 3 408.2 90.5 34.6 挥发油 1 064.3 34.6 74.0 0.77 L34B-1 3 781.8 143.9 42.5 挥发油 610.1 36.7 71.9 0.77 L34A-1 2 897.0 107.1 30.0 凝析气 4 021.0 29.8 82.8 0.87 L28A-1 3 516.0 121.4 34.7 凝析气 19 382.5 34.7 84.1 0.89 L28B-1 2 726.0 93.5 27.5 凝析气 27 769.9 27.5 85.1 0.88 L28B-2 2 666.0 96.4 26.7 凝析气 7 965.5 26.7 82.0 0.85 L29A-1 2 480.3 104.1 25.6 凝析气 12 513.0 25.5 87.6 0.91 L29A-2 2 563.5 104.6 25.8 凝析气 14 359.0 25.6 89.0 0.93 L29A-3 2 464.5 104.0 25.6 凝析气 12 538.6 25.5 87.6 0.90 L29B-1 2 218.2 68.1 22.6 凝析气 23 835.9 22.0 86.6 0.90 注：*代表地层流体井流物闪蒸气的组分组成数据. 
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