Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation of the Xinminpu Fault and Mechanism of 1785 Huihuibao Earthquake Based on Unmanned Aerial Images
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摘要: 新民堡断裂是河西走廊西段酒西盆地内部最北侧的一条逆断裂-褶皱带，全新世晚期仍然活动，断错地貌清晰.利用高精度无人机SfM摄影测量方法与断错地貌精细解译，从构造地貌学角度厘定了新民堡断裂累积位错值和1785年惠回堡地震的同震地表位错.根据高分辨率地形地貌数据共测量统计了90组断层陡坎位错值，结合累积位移概率分布曲线，得到7次位错丛集峰值，推测新民堡断裂晚第四纪大致发生过7次古地震事件，符合丛集地震特征，最新两期位移量峰值0.9 m、1.5 m分别对应1785年地震及距今3.8±0.3 ka的古地震事件.根据其平均同震位错值0.9 m，核定1785年惠回堡地震震级约为6.6级，与历史地震考证结果吻合.结合铲式断层模型进一步厘定了新民堡断裂全新世以来的垂直滑动速率约为0.1±0.02 mm/a，水平缩短速率约为0.18±0.06 mm/a.综合分析表明，1785年惠回堡地震为发生在新民堡断裂上的一次逆断裂-褶皱型地震，与河西走廊内部发生的2003年甘肃民乐-山丹6.1、5.8级地震和2002年玉门Ms5.9地震的发震机制类似，表明河西走廊盆地内部具有挤压逆冲-褶皱型的发震机制，未来需加强对此类地震构造带的进一步研究和震灾防御.Abstract: The Xinminpu fault is the northernmost reverse fault-fold belt in the Jiuxi Basin which is at the western of Hexi Corridor, still active in the Late Holocene and its offset geomorphology is clear. In this paper, cumulative offset of Xinminpu fault and co-seismic surface offset of the 1785 Huihuibao Earthquake are determined from tectonic geomorphology by high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle SfM photogrammetry and fine interpretation of offset geomorphology. Based on high-resolution topographic and geomorphologic data, a total of 90 groups of fault scarp offset were measured and counted, and combined with cumulative offset probability distribution plot, seven offset clusters were obtained, and it is inferred that about seven paleoseismic events occurred in Late Quaternary of Xinminpu fault, with quasi-periodic recurrence characteristics, and that the latest two peak offset of 0.9 and 1.5 m corresponded to the earthquake in 1785 and a paleoseismic event at 3.8±0.3 ka ago, respectively. Based on average coseismic offset of 0.9 m, the magnitude of the 1785 Huihuibao earthquake is about M6.6, which is consistent with historical seismic results. Combined with the listric fault model, the vertical slip rate of Xinminpu fault since Holocene was determined as 0.1±0.02 mm/a, and the horizontal shortening rate was about 0.18±0.06 mm/a. Comprehensive analysis shows that the 1785 Huihuibao earthquake was an inverse fault-fold type earthquake on Xinminpu fault, which is similar to the seismogenic mechanism of the 2003 Ms6.1, Ms5.8 Minle-Shandan earthquake in Gansu Province and the 2002 Yumen Ms5.9 earthquake that occurred in the central of the Hexi Corridor, indicating that it has a reverse fault-folding type seismic mechanism in the basin of Hexi Corridor, and further research and seismic defense for this type of seismic tectonic belts should be strengthened in the future.
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Key words:
- Xinminpu fault /
- Huihuibao earthquake /
- unmanned aerial image /
- offset clustering /
- geophysics
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图 1 祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂分布
Fig. 1. Distribution of active faults in the Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor
图 3 新民堡断裂多期断层陡坎及地表破裂带小陡坎
Fig. 3. Multi-phase fault scarps and small scarps in the surface rupture zone of the Xinminpu fault
图 4 新民堡东侧断裂剖面
年代结果据陈柏林等（2006）. U1. 晚更新世晚期灰色松散砾石层；U2. 晚更新世早期浅土黄色砾石层；U3. 上新统深土黄色砂砾石层；U4. 上新统土黄色砂质泥岩层与砂砾石层互层；U5. 中新统砖红色泥岩
Fig. 4. Profile of east side of the Xinminpu fault
图 5 火烧沟村探槽剖面
剖面及样品年代据刘兴旺等（2021）. U1. 中新统砖红色泥质砂岩；U2. 晚更新世土黄色细砂土层夹薄层砾石层；U3. 全新世坡洪积砾石层；U4. 全新世浅灰色砂土层；U5. 地表薄层浅土黄色松散粉砂土层
Fig. 5. Profile of trench in Huoshaogou
图 6 新民堡断裂空间几何展布、高分辨率无人机影像解译及精细地貌填图
a.新民堡断裂空间几何展布；b.高分辨率地形地貌数据；c.地貌填图及断层解译，含P1~P7的地形剖面线；d.陡坎垂直位错量测量点分布，白色圆圈代表位移测量地点
Fig. 6. Spatial geometric distribution, high resolution UAV image interpretation and fine geomorphological mapping of Xinminpu fault
图 8 累积垂直位移概率分布
不同峰值区间对应的陡坎垂直位移量标注为不同的颜色
Fig. 8. Cumulative offset probability distribution plot
表 1 深部滑脱面参数
Table 1. Parameters of deep slip surface
剖面编号 α2 h1(m) h2(m) H1(m) H2(m) S(m) P5 27°±5° 12±1 11±2 34±3 58±6 42±5 P6 20°±3° 16±2 11±1 24±2 34±4 24±3 P7 18°±4° 21±2 13±1 37±4 57±6 32±3 
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