Alteration Zoning and Geochemical Characterization of Elements in Minerals of Jialiangshan Pyrophyllite Deposit, Fuzhou, Southeast China: Implications for Deposit Genesis
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摘要: 叶蜡石已成为生产各类新型功能材料的关键原料之一，我国热液成因叶蜡石矿的资源量占比高，因此完善该类叶蜡石矿矿床成因模式的认识有利于相关勘查工作的开展，进而为相关新型材料制造业的稳定发展提供可靠的原料保障.对福州加良山叶蜡石矿进行系统的剖面调查工作，并利用综合矿物分析仪（TIMA）、电子探针X射线显微分析仪（EPMA）和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS），对采集样品的蚀变矿物组成及元素含量进行系统的定量分析.基于相关蚀变矿物的生成关系，对福州加良山叶蜡石矿存在的蚀变分带情况进行了分析，明确了不同类型矿石和围岩中存在的蚀变矿物组合、成因和所需条件.并依据蚀变形成的叶蜡石、硬水铝石、绢云母和高岭石矿物中的元素含量特征，探讨了蚀变过程中的部分元素的地球化学迁移行为.系统野外调查和定量测试结果表明：加良山矿区的蚀变组合在空间分布上具一定的分带性，从火山中心向外叶蜡石化逐渐减弱，且矿物组合存在由高温蚀变向低温蚀变转变的趋势.而加良山叶蜡石矿的形成与火山及热液演替活动有关，长期反复的热液活动改造了区域内的高铝火山岩，并让围岩中的矿物发生蚀变、元素发生迁移，最终形成了大规模的工业叶蜡石矿.而矿体中可用于工艺品加工的叶蜡石形成所需条件更加严格，需要蚀变热液的SiO2未饱和，温度保持在合适范围（约273~370 ℃），且存在断裂为其提供生长空间.Abstract: Currently, pyrophyllite is one of the most important raw materials for a variety of new functional products. In China, hydrothermal pyrophyllite constitutes a significant proportion. Therefore, enhancing the genesis model of hydrothermal pyrophyllite deposit is essential for ensuring a long-term stable supply of industrial raw materials for the manufacturing industry focused on new functional materials. This study involved a systematic profile survey and sampling at the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit. The TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were utilized to quantitatively determine the mineral composition and elemental characteristics of alteration minerals. Mineral assemblages in different ores were analyzed to determine their genesis conditions based on the result of alteration zoning results. The elemental composition of clay minerals including pyrophyllite, diaspore, sericite and kaolinite were specifically determined to understand the elemental behavior during the alteration process. Results from field investigation and quantitative analysis indicate that the alteration assemblage within the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit exhibits spatial distribution, characterized by a gradual decrease in alteration temperature from the crater outwards. Our study suggests that the formation of Jaliangshan pyrophyllite deposit is linked to volcanic activity followed by an extended sequence of hydrothermal alteration processes. Following extensive alteration, element migration between surrounding rock and the hydrothermal fluid resulted in large-scale pyrophyllite deposits for industrial raw materials. The conditions necessary for the forming artefact pyrophyllite within the ore-body are more stringent; the hydrothermal fluid should be unsaturated with SiO2 at temperatures maintained between 273 and 370 ℃ along with fractures providing space for growth.
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Key words:
- pyrophyllite deposit /
- alteration zoning /
- mineral composition /
- geochemical characterization /
- mineral deposits /
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图 1 闽浙地区燕山期火山岩和叶蜡石矿分布简图(据Li et al., 2022; 叶泽富等, 2022修改)
Fig. 1. Distribution of Yanshan volcanic rocks and pyrophyllite deposits throughout Fujian and Zhejiang provinces (modified from Li et al., 2022; Ye et al., 2022)
图 2 寿山火山喷发盆地地质图
据福建省地质矿产勘查开发局（1996）修改
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Shoushan volcanic eruption basin
图 3 福州加良山叶蜡石矿区地质图和调查剖面线
Fig. 3. Geological map and survey profile of the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit in Fuzhou, China
图 4 加良山矿区剖面调查样品采集点照片
Fig. 4. Photographs of sampling sites along the survey profile of the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit
图 5 加良山矿区采集样品手标本照片
Fs.长石；Ser.绢云母；Qz.石英；Prl.叶蜡石；Dsp.硬水铝石；Kln.高岭石；Py.黄铁矿
Fig. 5. Photographs of samples collected from the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit
图 6 加良山矿区叶蜡石矿矿石的TIMA分析图像
Fig. 6. TIMA analytical results of pyrophyllite ores collected from the Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit
图 7 加良山矿区蚀变围岩的TIMA分析图像
Fig. 7. TIMA analytical results of altered surrounding rock collected from Jialiangshan pyrophyllite deposit
图 9 叶蜡石矿石中主要蚀变成因粘土矿物的主量和微量元素特征
Fig. 9. Characteristics of major and trace elements in clay minerals of pyrophyllite ore
图 10 叶蜡石矿石中蚀变成因粘土矿物的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图
标准化值据Sun et al.（1989）
Fig. 10. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of clay minerals in Jialiangshan pyrophyllite ores
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