Influence of Warming and Water Level Drawdown on the Stability of Peatland Carbon Stock
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摘要: 泥炭地作为全球重要的碳汇，也是最重要的天然CH4排放源.气候变化如何影响泥炭碳库的稳定性，这是泥炭地碳循环研究的热点问题.本文综述了升温、水位下降等因素对泥炭地碳库稳定性的影响，还介绍了植被在升温、干旱等影响中的调节作用.现有的研究显示，泥炭地碳循环对温度变化非常敏感，其中氧化层的分解速率在小幅度升温下显著加快，而缺氧层则需要更大的温度提升和更长的时间才能显著分解.此外，升温导致CH4/CO2比值增大，这将会增大泥炭地的全球增温潜势.水位下降是影响泥炭地碳循环的关键因素，干旱事件不仅直接导致CO2释放，还可能通过火灾间接影响碳库稳定性.研究还表明，维管束植物能促进老碳的释放.未来的研究需要关注代谢产物的原位观测技术，极端气候事件的地质记录，以及气候变化条件下泥炭碳库的响应与反馈机制.Abstract: Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by storing carbon, but they are also a major source of methane emissions. Understanding how climate change affects the stability of carbon stores in peatlands is a key area of research. This review examines the effects of factors such as warming and fluctuations in water levels on the stability of carbon stores in peatlands, as well as the role of plants in responding to warming and drought. Research indicates that peatland carbon stocks are highly sensitive to warming, with decomposition rates increasing significantly in the aerobic layer with even slight temperature increases. The anaerobic layer requires greater temperature increases and longer periods to show significant decomposition. Warming also leads to an increase in the CH4/CO2 ratio, which can enhance the global warming potential of peatlands. Changes in water levels are a key factor affecting peatland carbon cycling, as drought events not only directly result in enhanced CO2 emissions but can also indirectly impact carbon store stability through wildfires. Studies have shown that vascular plants can also play a role in releasing old carbon. Future research should focus on developing in-situ observation techniques for metabolic products, examining geological records of extreme climate events, and understanding the response and feedback mechanisms of peatland carbon stores under changing climate conditions.
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图 1 泥炭地碳循环主要过程及垂向分层（修改自Crump, 2017）
Fig. 1. Carbon cycling and vertical stratification in peatlands (modified from Crump, 2017)
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