Sedimentary Environment and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of the Lower Member of the Xingouzui Formation in the Jianghan Basin during the Early Eocene
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摘要: 中国陆相页岩油资源潜力巨大，早始新世新沟嘴组下段（新下段）作为江汉盆地页岩油勘探的主要层位，先前的研究主要集中在生烃潜力及储层特征方面，有关其沉积环境演化及有机质富集机理方面的讨论仍相对缺乏.以江汉盆地SKD1和CY1钻孔早始新世新下段地层为主要研究对象，基于岩相分析及元素和同位素地球化学方法对新下段古环境变化及有机质富集机理进行了研究.结果表明：新下段有机质含量整体较低，总有机碳（TOC）均值为0.9%.在古新世-始新世极热时期（PETM），快速增温和氧化环境加速了有机质的分解，导致有机质含量较低，TOC仅为0.5%；在气候干旱时期，湖水盐度上升，硬石膏、钙芒硝等蒸发盐矿物陆续沉积，高盐度条件下嗜盐生物贡献了部分生产力，并且高盐、缺氧的环境促进了有机质的保存，TOC含量增大为2.56%.指示了早始新世江汉盆地古湖泊的有机质富集主要受生产力和保存条件协同控制.本研究为温室气候条件下陆相咸化湖盆中的有机质富集机制做出了解释，同时为未来油气资源有利层段勘探提供了理论依据.Abstract: The potential of continental shale oil resources in China is enormous, and the lower member of the Xingouzui Formation (LXF) from the Early Eocene serves as the primary target for shale oil exploration in the Jianghan basin. Previous research has mainly focused on hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir characteristics, while discussions regarding its depositional environment evolution and mechanisms of organic matter enrichment remain relatively scarce.This study takes the Early Eocene LXF from the SKD1 and CY1 boreholes as the main research object. Based on lithofacies, elemental, and isotopic geochemical analyses, it investigates the paleoenvironmental changes and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of the LXF. The results indicate that organic matter content in the LXF is relatively low, with an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 0.9%. During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), rapid warming and oxidative conditions accelerated the decomposition of organic matter, resulting in relatively low organic matter content, with a TOC of only 0.5%. In contrast, during arid climatic periods, increasing lake salinity led to the sequential deposition of evaporative minerals such as anhydrite and glauberite. Under high-salinity conditions, halophilic organisms contribute to part of the productivity. High salt and hypoxic environment promotes the production and preservation of organic matter, with average TOC increaing to 2.56%. These findings indicate that organic matter enrichment in the Jianghan basin during the Eocene was primarily controlled by synergy of productivity and preservation conditions. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of organic matter preservation in continental saline lacustrine basins under greenhouse climate conditions and provides a theoretical basis for identifying favorable stratigraphic intervals for future oil and gas exploration.
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图 1 江汉盆地构造单元及地层剖面
a.江汉盆地构造单元划分（据Huang and Hinnov, 2014）；b.过江陵凹陷和陈沱口凹陷地层反射剖面；AA’剖面（据Teng et al., 2019）；BB’剖面（据Li et al., 2022）
Fig. 1. Tectonic divisions and seismic profiles of the Jianghan basin
图 2 江汉盆地新生代地层综合柱状图(a)以及新沟组嘴下段地层对比(b)
岩性及含油层系据彭伟（2019）；地层年龄据Huang and Hinnov（2019）；构造演化据Wu et al.（2017）
Fig. 2. Simplified Cenozoic stratigraphic column of Jianghan basin (a) and stratigraphic comparison of the lower member of the Xingouzui Formation (b)
图 3 沙市组上段及新沟嘴下段岩相特征
a.石膏，CY1井，2 638.40 m；b.纹层状泥质钙芒硝，CY1井，2 754.50 m；c.钙芒硝，CY1井，2 677.4 m；d.石盐，SKD1井，1 261.7 m；e.粉砂岩，SKD1井，1 340.7 m；f.泥质粉砂岩，SKD1井，1 220.5 m；g.层状云质泥岩，CY1井，2 635.70 m；h.粉砂质泥岩，CY1井，2 719.30 m；i.钙芒硝质泥岩，CY1井，2 725.30 m；j.块状泥质白云岩，CY1井，2 647.83 m；k.层状泥质白云岩，CY1井，2 702.00 m；l.纹层状泥质白云岩，CY1井，2 704.69 m
Fig. 3. Lithofacies charactersticis of the upper Shashi and lower member of Xingouzui Formation
图 4 CY1井新下段代表性薄片
f，h，i据Gou et al.（2023）；a. 钙芒硝交代石膏，单偏光，2 730.58 m；b.钙芒硝晶体，单偏光，2 724.41 m；c.泥质粉砂岩，单偏光，2 732.94 m；d.层状白云质泥岩，单偏光，2 706.63 m；e.粉砂质泥岩，单偏光，2 719.89 m；f.泥晶白云石，单偏光，2 635.64 m；g.纹层状泥质白云岩，单偏光，2 635.64 m；h.纹层状泥质白云岩，单偏光，2 706.63 m；i.纹层状泥质白云岩，单偏光，2 635.64 m
Fig. 4. Representative thin sections of the lower member of Xingouzui Formation
图 5 沙市组上段及新下段古环境参数垂向变化
SKD1井δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值据Teng et al.（2021）
Fig. 5. Vertical variation characteristic proxies indicating changes in paleoenvironment of the upper Shashi and lower member of Xingouzui Formation
图 6 沙市组上段及新下段各阶段相关性
a.TOC与Ni/Al；b.TOC与UEF
Fig. 6. Correlation of the upper and new lower sections of Shashi Formation
图 7 沙市组上段及新下段有机质富集模式
a~f中的虚线代表各参数基于三点滑动平均后的变化趋势
Fig. 7. Simplified organic matter enrichment models of the upper Shashi and lower member of Xingouzui Formation
表 1 沙市组上段及新下段古环境参数范围和均值
Table 1. Ranges and averages of the geochemical data of the upper Shashi and lower member of Xingouzui Formation
阶段 Al2O3(%) TiO2(%) UEF MoEF Mg/Ca Sr/Ba Ni (μg/g) Ni/Al(10‒4) Ⅳ 最小值 0.7 0.04 5 1 0.05 0.8 6 4.00 最大值 12.8 0.67 22 87 0.87 9.0 33 14.75 均值 6.4 0.30 11 23 0.45 4.4 18 6.62 Ⅲ 最小值 0.1 0.06 5 1 0.12 1.5 1 4.43 最大值 11.6 0.51 47 189 2.20 34.1 38 37.75 均值 5.2 0.26 18 53 0.51 12.5 17 9.06 Ⅱ 最小值 0.2 0.18 0 0 0.05 0.5 2 0.19 最大值 16 0.69 23 38 0.68 14.5 57 16.67 均值 11.9 0.54 5 5 0.31 3.4 30 5.71 Ⅰ 最小值 0.9 0.05 1 3 0.07 0.8 8 0.77 最大值 19 0.68 91 207 6.55 31.6 58 32.92 均值 8.2 0.35 21 59 0.88 15.2 24 11.76 
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