Depositional Character and Influencing Factors of Fine-Grained Gravity Flow of Chang 73 Submember in Longdong Area of Ordos Basin
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摘要: 为研究鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长73亚段细粒重力流沉积特征，通过岩心描述、显微薄片观察、X射线衍射分析、微量元素分析等实验方法.揭示了研究区域主要发育7种细粒沉积岩相组合：细粒静水沉淀、细粒泥质湍流-泥流、细粒过渡流-泥流、细粒滑塌-碎屑流-泥流、浪涌状浊流、细粒异重流和细粒浓缩密度流.细粒重力流沉积的发育主要受到构造运动、古气候变化以及湖盆古地貌展布等因素的控制.构造运动的活跃性是诱发滑塌型重力流发育的关键因素，气候控制的洪泛事件促进了洪水型细粒重力流的发育，湖床古地貌对细粒重力流沉积的展布具有显著的控制作用，坡折角的高低可影响滑塌型细粒重力流沉积的发育.Abstract: To examine the fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation of the Chang 73 submember in the Longdong area, Ordos basin, through observation of core and thin sections, XRD analysis, and trace elements analysis, the sedimentary characteristics and influencing factors of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation were studied. 7 lithofacies assemblages were formed due to different depositional processes: the shale with lamina tuffaceous assemblage, the fine-grained turbidity currents to mud flow assemblage, the transitional flow to mud flow assemblage, the slump to debris flow to mud flow assemblage, the surge-like turbidity flow assemblage, the quasi-steady turbidity current assemblage, and the concentrated density flow assemblage. The development of fine-grained gravity flow is mostly controlled by tectonic activities, paleo-climate change, and paleo-topography of the lacustrine basin. Tectonic activities are the key factors in inducing the development of slump-triggered fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation, while flood events promote the development of flood-triggered fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation. The characteristics of the paleogeomorphology have a significant control effect on the distribution of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation, the gradient of the slope significantly influences the depositional characteristics of slump-triggered fine-grained gravity flows.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分及延长组综合柱状图(修改自操应长等，2017)
Fig. 1. The structural division map and comprehensive diagram of Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin (modified from Cao et al., 2017)
图 2 陇东地区长73亚段“粉砂质-黏土矿物-碳酸盐矿物”三角图中样品的岩性分布(修改自Shepard, 1954)
Fig. 2. Lithology distribution on "silt-clay-carbonate" ternary diagram of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area (modified from Shepard, 1954)
图 3 陇东地区长73亚段不同类型典型岩相样品照片
Fig. 3. Photos of different lithology facies of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 4 细粒重力流划分方案
修改自Mulder and Alexander（2001）和Baas et al.（2011）
Fig. 4. Classification of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation
图 5 陇东地区长73亚段不同类型岩相组合示意
Fig. 5. Diagrams of different lithology facies assemblage of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 6 陇东地区长73亚段岩相组合1、2和3
a.细粒静水沉淀沉积岩相组合，Y285，长73，2 826.4 m.b.细粒泥质湍流-泥流沉积岩相组合，①C257，长73，2 486.4 m；②Z70，长73，1 654.9 m；③L254，长73，2 556.02 m；④L254，长73，2 583.17 m；⑤L254，长73，2 542.63 m. c.细粒过渡流-泥流沉积岩相组合，W100，长73，2 016.74 m
Fig. 6. Lithofacies assemblages 1, 2 and 3 of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 7 陇东地区长73亚段岩相组合4和5
a.细粒滑塌-碎屑流-泥流沉积岩相组合，①Z233，长73，1 794 m；②Z233，长73，1 790.1 m；③Z233，长73，1 788.2 m；④Z233，长73，1 786.52 m. b.浪涌状浊流沉积岩相组合，①Z233，长73，1 778.03 m；②Z233，长73，1 772.98 m；③Z233，长73，1 769.13 m
Fig. 7. Lithofacies assemblages 4 and 5 of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 8 陇东地区长73亚段岩相组合6和7
a.细粒异重流沉积岩相组合，①Z80，长73，2 273.2 m；②Z80，长73，2 272.8 m；③Z80，长73，2 272.3 m；④Z80，长73，2 272 m；⑤Z80，长73，2 271.85 m；⑥Z80，长73，2 271.4 m；⑦Z80，长73，2 271 m；⑧Z80，长73，2 269.7 m. b.细粒浓缩密度流沉积岩相组合，①C257，长73，2 526.75 m；②Z233，长73，1 821.62 m；③Z80，长73，2 276.3 m
Fig. 8. Lithofacies assemblages 6 and 7 of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 9 陇东地区长73亚段岩相组合展布
Fig. 9. The cross section of lithofacies assemblages of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 10 陇东地区长73亚段受构造活动影响的沉积构造特征
a.砂质注入构造，Z40，长73，1 470.58 m，Z233，长73，1 797.2 m；b.发育软沉积物变形构造的细粉砂岩，C257，长73，2 506.6 m，G347，长73，2 437.18 m，D214，长73，1 189.98 m；c.发育泥质撕裂屑的细粉砂岩，Z70，长73，1 645.4 m；d.含凝灰质泥岩，Z233，长73，1 797.6 m；C30，长73，1 966 m
Fig. 10. Depositional characteristics caused by tectonic activities of Chang 73 submember in Longdong area
图 11 Y285井岩相组合和元素地球化学综合柱状图
Fig. 11. The comprehensive column map of lithofacies assemblages and element geochemical index of well Y285
图 12 Z40井岩相组合和元素地球化学综合柱状图(修改自刘翰林等，2023)
Fig. 12. The comprehensive column map of lithofacies assemblages and element geochemical index of well Z40 (modified from Liu et al., 2023)
图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地长73沉积期古地貌控砂示意图(修改自杨哲翰，2023)
Fig. 13. Sand control diagram of paleogeomorphology in Chang 73 sedimentary period in Ordos basin (modified from Yang, 2023)
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