Distribution and Evolution of the Tethyan OPS in the Central-Southern Qinghai-Xizang Region
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摘要: 青藏高原造山域经历了原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯洋的形成、分布与多期次洋-陆转化，是铜、金、铌、钽等多金属成矿有利区.在整个显生宙特提斯洋的形成-消亡演化历程中，形成了各演化阶段独特的洋板块地层（oceanic plate stratigraphy，简称OPS）.重建青藏高原造山域各演化阶段各构造-地层区划单元的OPS序列，以及划分对比格架，是造山域多金属矿产勘查和重大工程建设的重要基柱.本文系统梳理分析了青藏高原各时代约130多个出露点的蛇绿混杂岩等洋壳残迹的物质组成、256个蛇绿岩等洋壳残块的测年数据，以及相伴的硅质岩放射虫化石，依据构造环境和时代分布，区划出3个OPS构造-地层大区和9个区，分别是巴颜喀拉-三江、龙木错-双湖-班公湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连和冈底斯-雅鲁藏布大区.巴颜喀拉-三江大区含西金乌兰、甘孜-理塘、金沙江和哀牢山4个区；龙木错-双湖-班公湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连大区含龙木错-双湖、班公湖-怒江和昌宁-孟连3个区；冈底斯-雅鲁藏布大区含狮泉河-嘉黎和雅鲁藏布2个区.按3大区和9区识别出对接带型和叠接带型两大类OPS和洋脊、洋岛-海山、洋内弧、远洋和海沟沉积建造5个OPS亚类.依据同位素测年、古生物化石序列划分与对比，构建了青藏高原造山域首个显生宙OPS地层格架和时空演化模式，并对青藏高原特提斯演化模式进行了讨论.Abstract: The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau orogenic domain has experienced the formation, distribution, and multi-stage ocean-continent transformation of the Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys, and Neo-Tethys oceans, making it a favorable area for polymetallic mineralization such as copper, gold, niobium, and tantalum. Throughout the Phanerozoic evolution of the Tethys Ocean, unique oceanic plate stratigraphy (referred to as OPS) was formed during each evolutionary stage. Reconstructing the OPS sequences of various tectono-stratigraphic units in different evolutionary stages of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau orogenic domain, as well as establishing a comparative framework, is an essential foundation for polymetallic mineral exploration and major engineering construction in the orogenic domain. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the composition of ophiolitic mélange and other remnants of oceanic crust from over 130 exposure points in various geological periods of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, 256 dating data of ophiolitic remnants, and accompanying siliceous rock radiolarian fossils. Based on the tectonic environment and temporal distribution, three OPS tectono-stratigraphic mega-regions and nine districts have been delineated, namely the Bayankala-Sanjiang, Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Bangong-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian, and Gangdise-Yarlung Zangbo mega-regions. The Bayankala-Sanjiang mega-region includes the Xijinwulan, Ganzi-Litang, Jinsha River, and Ailao Mountain districts; the Longmu Co-Shuanghu-Bangong-Nujiang-Changning-Menglian mega-region includes the Longmu Co-Shuanghu, Bangong-Nujiang, and Changning-Menglian districts; the Gangdise-Yarlung Zangbo mega-region includes the Shiquanhe-Jiali and Yarlung Zangbo districts. Based on the three mega-regions and nine districts, two major types of OPS, namely suture zone type and subordinate suture zone type, and five subcategories of OPS, including oceanic ridge, oceanic island-seamount, oceanic arc, forearc, and trench sedimentary construction, have been identified. Using isotopic dating, paleontological fossil sequence division and correlation, the first Phanerozoic OPS stratigraphic framework and spatiotemporal evolution model for the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau orogenic domain have been constructed, and a discussion on the Tethyan evolution model of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has been conducted.
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Key words:
- oceanic plate stratigraphy /
- spatiotemporal distribution /
- Phanerozoic /
- Tethyan evolution /
- Qinghai-Xizang /
- stratigraphy /
- tectonics
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图 2 OPS类型划分及模式化建造序列
Fig. 2. The division of OPS types and their modular construction sequences
图 3 青藏高原中‒南部特提斯造山系洋板块地层时空分布
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Fig. 3. Spatiotemporal evolution of OPS of the Tethyan orogenic system in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau
图 4 晚奥陶世-早三叠世原、古、新特提斯洋及邻区洋陆分布与演化示意(据Zhao et al., 2018修改)
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram ofthe distribution and evolutionofthe Proto-, Paleo-. Neo-Tethys oceans and adiacen ocean-continent areas from the Late Ordovician to Early Triassic (modifed from Zhao et al., 2018)
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