Hydrocarbon Charging Characteristics of Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in Central Area of Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 洗象池组是四川盆地油气勘探的潜在目的层，但其储集空间成岩矿物充填特征及油气充注特征鲜有详细刻画.基于24块岩心样品，通过开展详尽的薄片镜下观察、阴极发光测试、微观烃类痕迹检测及流体包裹体系统分析，对四川盆地中部地区寒武系洗象池组储集空间及其油气充注特征进行了解剖.结果表明，洗象池组以溶蚀孔（洞）、粒（晶）间孔及裂缝为主要储集空间，充填了白云石、方解石、石英等多种、多期次成岩矿物及沥青.沥青及成岩矿物中的（含）沥青包裹体、天然气包裹体等微观痕迹记录了油气活动多期性及调整改造过程.油气充注特征总体表现为印支早期（早三叠世）发生古油藏形成，印支晚期至燕山早期（晚三叠世至早-中侏罗世）发生大规模油裂解成气形成第一期天然气充注，燕山中期（晚侏罗世至早白垩世）发生剩余油裂解成气形成第二期天然气充注，燕山晚期（中-晚白垩世）发生调整改造形成第三期天然气充注.Abstract: The Xixiangchi Formation is a potential target for oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan basin, yet detailed descriptions of its reservoir space diagenetic mineral filling characteristics and hydrocarbon charging features are scarce. Based on 24 core samples, in this study it dissects the reservoir spaces and hydrocarbon charging characteristics of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the central area of the Sichuan basin through detailed thin-section microscopic observations, cathodoluminescence testing, microscopic hydrocarbon trace detection, and systematic fluid inclusion analysis. The results indicate that the Xixiangchi Formation primarily comprises dissolution pores (vugs), interparticle (intercrystalline) pores, and fractures as its reservoir spaces, which are filled with multiple types and stages of diagenetic minerals such as dolomite, calcite, and quartz, as well as bitumen. Microscopic traces such as bitumen filled in reservoir spaces, bitumen or bitumen-bearing inclusions and natural gas inclusions trapped in diagenetic minerals record multiple stages of hydrocarbon activities and the process of adjustment and modification. The overall hydrocarbon charging characteristics show that ancient oil reservoirs were formed in the early Indosinian period (Early Triassic). Large-scale oil cracking into gas occurred from the late Indosinian to early Yanshanian periods (Late Triassic to Early-Middle Jurassic), forming the first stage of natural gas charging. Residual oil cracking into gas occurred in the middle Yanshanian period (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous), forming the second stage of natural gas charging. Adjustment and modification took place in the late Yanshanian period (Middle-Late Cretaceous), forming the third stage of natural gas charging.
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图 1 研究区位置(a)及洗象池组地层柱状图(b)和颗粒滩相储层分布(c)
图a中，Ⅰ.川西低陡构造带；Ⅱ.川北低缓构造带；Ⅱ.川中平缓构造带；Ⅳ.川西南低褶构造带；Ⅴ川东高陡构造带；Ⅵ.川南低陡构造带
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (a), stratigraphic column of the Xixiangchi Formation (b), and distribution of the grain-beach reservoirs (c)
图 2 四川盆地中部地区寒武系洗象池组储集空间类型
a.样品MX39-26，溶蚀孔（洞）发育；b.样品MX39-30，溶蚀孔（洞）发育，溶洞充填白云石+沥青；c.样品GT2-21，发育溶洞和构造裂缝，溶洞充填白云石；d.样品GT2-20，发育溶洞，充填单晶石英；e.样品GT2-18，发育溶洞、构造裂缝及顺层溶缝，溶洞和顺层溶缝充填白云石+沥青；f.样品GT2-16，发育溶蚀孔（洞）及缝合线；g.样品MX39-27，残余颗粒白云岩，粒间溶孔，白云石+沥青全充填；h.样品MX39-30，粒间溶孔；i.样品GT2-13，晶间孔及晶间溶孔，沥青半充填；j.样品GT2-15，晶间溶孔，充填沥青及石英；k.样品MX39-26，残余颗粒白云岩，粒间溶孔，白云石+沥青全充填，晚期裂缝沟通溶孔；l.样品GT2-23，裂缝，充填白云石+石英
Fig. 2. Reservoir space types of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in central Sichuan basin
图 3 四川盆地中部地区寒武系洗象池组储集空间矿物充填序列显微照相
a.样品MX39-27，溶洞充填白云石→沥青；b.样品MX39-29，溶洞充填两期白云石Ⅰ→沥青→白云石Ⅱ；c.样品GT2-9，晶间溶孔充填沥青+石英；d.样品GT2-11，溶缝中充填沥青Ⅰ→鞍状白云石→沥青Ⅱ+石英，薄片；e.d中红色方框处局部显微照相；f.样品GT2-23，溶洞中充填白云石Ⅰ→沥青Ⅰ→白云石Ⅱ→沥青Ⅱ+石英
Fig. 3. Characteristics of diagenetic mineral filling in the reservoir space of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in central Sichuan basin
图 4 典型沥青及(含)沥青包裹体显微照相
a~b.样品MX39-29，溶洞充填沥青和白云石；c.样品GT2-16，白云石晶间孔充填沥青；d.样品MX39-28，溶洞充填白云石中沥青包裹体；e.样品MX39-30，溶洞充填石英中（含）沥青包裹体；f.样品GT2-7，溶洞充填石英中沥青包裹体.b为反射光照片，其余为透射光照片
Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of typical bitumen and bitumen or bitumen-bearing inclusions
图 5 典型天然气包裹体及其拉曼光谱特征
a.样品GT2-7，溶洞充填石英中天然气包裹体；b.样品GT2-8，溶洞充填方解石中天然气包裹体；c.样品GT2-24，溶洞充填方解石中天然气包裹体；d.样品MX39-29，溶孔充填白云石中天然气包裹体；e.样品MX39-30，溶洞充填石英中天然气包裹体；f.e中左侧天然气包裹体的拉曼光谱
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of typical gas inclusions and the Raman characteristics
图 6 成岩胶结物中流体包裹体均一温度统计直方图
Fig. 6. Homogenisation temperature histograms of fluid inclusions in diagenetic cements
图 7 四川盆地中部地区寒武系洗象池组油气充注期次及时期
a.磨溪39井均一温度-埋藏史投影图；b.广探2井均一温度-埋藏史投影图；c.油气充注期次及时期综合确定图
Fig. 7. Oil and gas charging orders and time of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in central Sichuan basin
表 1 四川盆地中部地区寒武系洗象池组岩心样品清单
Table 1. List of core samples of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in central Sichuan basin
井号 样品编号 深度(m) 样品描述 磨溪39 MX39-26 4 679.18 粒屑云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石和沥青 MX39-27 4 683.70 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石和沥青 MX39-28 4 681.11 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞及裂缝充填白云石、黄铜/铁矿和沥青 MX39-29 4 682.61 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞及裂缝充填白云石和沥青 MX39-30 4 686.63 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞及裂缝充填白云石和沥青 MX39-31 4 683.76 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞及裂缝充填白云石和沥青 广探2 GT2-7 5 315.23 溶塌角砾岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石和沥青 GT2-8 5 320.13 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青 GT2-9 5 320.63 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青 GT2-10 5 325.05 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填铅锌矿 GT2-11 5 327.86 白云岩，裂缝充填沥青 GT2-12 5 328.31 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石，或有沥青 GT2-13 5 334.14 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青 GT2-14 5 337.96 白云岩，斑状热液白云石化，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石和沥青 GT2-15 5 339.80 白云岩，溶洞充填石英 GT2-16 5 340.08 白云岩，溶洞充填石英 GT2-17 5 340.79 白云岩，溶洞充填未知矿物，金属光泽，薄片状 GT2-18 5 341.85 白云岩，溶蚀裂缝充填沥青 GT2-19 5 343.72 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青 GT2-20 5 344.70 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青和单晶石英 GT2-21 5 345.85 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填白云石，或有铅锌矿 GT2-22 5 352.37 白云岩，溶蚀孔、洞充填沥青和石英 GT2-23 5 352.74 白云石，含顺层沥青脉 GT2-24 5 355.45 白云岩，溶洞充填白云石 
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