Abstract: The Gobi Desert is a critical source area for cross-border dust transport, where the interaction between surface gravel coverage and the near-surface wind pressure gradient exerts a significant influence on the dust emission mechanism. Through two-phase flow wind tunnel experiments, the near-surface wind field characteristics of the Gobi were simulated. Nonlinear regression models and two-factor analysis were employed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms.(1) The wind pressure increase exhibits stratified variation, with the wind pressure gradient decaying linearly or exponentially with increasing height. (2) Gravel coverage significantly regulates the vertical differentiation of the wind pressure gradient. (3) Incoming wind speeds directly controls the intensity of the wind pressure gradient, while gravel coverage induces energy absorption and momentum transfer. Surface heterogeneity in the Gobi Desert dynamically regulates wind pressure gradient through the interplay between near-surface roughness and wind forces. Maintaining optimal gravel coverage (40-50%) effectively balances aeolian erosion control and momentum transfer, providing a mechanistic foundation for refining dust emission models and developing precision windbreak-sand stabilization strategies in arid ecosystems.